Bachmann, Gudrun; Bertschinger, Antonia; Miluska, Jan
E-Learning ade – tut Scheiden weh? Proceedings Article
In: Hoffmann, Harriet; Mansmann, Veronika; Schwill, Andreas (Hrsg.): E-Learning 2009. Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter, S. 118-128, Waxmann, Münster; New York; München; Berlin, 2009, ISBN: 978-3-8309-2199-8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: e-learning
@inproceedings{Bachmann2009,
title = {E-Learning ade – tut Scheiden weh?},
author = {Gudrun Bachmann and Antonia Bertschinger and Jan Miluska},
editor = {Harriet Hoffmann and Veronika Mansmann and Andreas Schwill},
url = {http://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2010/3013
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-opus-30134},
isbn = {978-3-8309-2199-8},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-09-07},
urldate = {2018-03-24},
booktitle = {E-Learning 2009. Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter},
volume = {41},
pages = {118-128},
publisher = {Waxmann},
address = {Münster; New York; München; Berlin},
series = {Medien in der Wissenschaft},
abstract = {Da die Autoren davon überzeugt sind, dass es der Verwendung von Computer und Internet in der Lehre förderlich wäre, „wenn der Begriff „E-Learning“ in den Ruhestand versetzt würde und neue, flexiblere Ausdrücke an seine Stelle treten würden“, plädieren die Autoren dafür, „E-Learning abzuschaffen“. Während die Autoren zu diesem Schluss durch die Reflexion auf ihre praktische Arbeit gekommen sind, sind sie in verschiedensten Wissenschaftszweigen auf Parallelen zu ihrem Gedankengang gestoßen, die sie hier zur Illustration und Bekräftigung ihrer These heranziehen. Entsprechend verstehen sie ihren Artikel „explizit als Beitrag zur Diskussion auf der Meta-Ebene“ und eben nicht „als Beitrag zur Erforschung einzelner Aspekte des Unterrichtens mit digitalen Medien“. „Die Reflexion wird am Ende ergänzt durch eine Bilanz dessen, was sich an der Universität Basel verändert hat“, seitdem man dort wieder von „Neuen Medien in der Lehre“ und nicht mehr von „E-Learning“ spricht – gleichzeitig ihr „Hauptargument für die Abschaffung, denn letztlich muss sich die Theorie in der Praxis bewähren.“},
keywords = {e-learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Da die Autoren davon überzeugt sind, dass es der Verwendung von Computer und Internet in der Lehre förderlich wäre, „wenn der Begriff „E-Learning“ in den Ruhestand versetzt würde und neue, flexiblere Ausdrücke an seine Stelle treten würden“, plädieren die Autoren dafür, „E-Learning abzuschaffen“. Während die Autoren zu diesem Schluss durch die Reflexion auf ihre praktische Arbeit gekommen sind, sind sie in verschiedensten Wissenschaftszweigen auf Parallelen zu ihrem Gedankengang gestoßen, die sie hier zur Illustration und Bekräftigung ihrer These heranziehen. Entsprechend verstehen sie ihren Artikel „explizit als Beitrag zur Diskussion auf der Meta-Ebene“ und eben nicht „als Beitrag zur Erforschung einzelner Aspekte des Unterrichtens mit digitalen Medien“. „Die Reflexion wird am Ende ergänzt durch eine Bilanz dessen, was sich an der Universität Basel verändert hat“, seitdem man dort wieder von „Neuen Medien in der Lehre“ und nicht mehr von „E-Learning“ spricht – gleichzeitig ihr „Hauptargument für die Abschaffung, denn letztlich muss sich die Theorie in der Praxis bewähren.“
Kohls, Christian
E-Learning Patterns – Nutzen und Hürden des Entwurfsmuster-Ansatzes Konferenzberichte
Tagungsband der GMW-Jahrestagung 2009, Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft Waxmann, Bd. 51, 2009, ISBN: 978-3-8309-2199-8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, Didaktische Pattern, Didaktisches Design, Muster
@proceedings{Kohls2009,
title = {E-Learning Patterns – Nutzen und Hürden des Entwurfsmuster-Ansatzes},
author = {Christian Kohls},
editor = {Nicolas Apostolopoulos and Harriet Hoffmann and Veronika Mansmann and Andreas Schwill},
url = {http://www.e-learning2009.de/home/tagungsband/index.html},
isbn = {978-3-8309-2199-8},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-09-01},
booktitle = {E-Learning 2009: Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter},
volume = {51},
pages = {61–72},
publisher = {Waxmann},
organization = {Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft},
series = {Medien in der Wissenschaft},
abstract = {Entwurfsmuster versprechen die effektive Vermittlung von Wissen über er probte Lösungsformen, um diese sinnvoll bei der Gestaltung neuer Lehr-/Lernszenarien erneut einzusetzen, ohne die Kreativität und Anpassbarkeit an die Lehrsituationen einzuschränken. Doch halten Entwurfsmuster dieses Versprechen in Bezug auf pädagogische Kontexte? Was sind die Vorteile gegenüber anderen Dokumentationsformen und wieso werden Entwurfsmuster bislang kaum als Beschreibungsform genutzt? Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert Vorteile und Hürden beim Entwickeln von Entwurfsmustern anhand der E-Learning-Patterns bei e-teaching.org.},
howpublished = {Tagungsband der GMW-Jahrestagung 2009},
keywords = {A, Didaktische Pattern, Didaktisches Design, Muster},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Entwurfsmuster versprechen die effektive Vermittlung von Wissen über er probte Lösungsformen, um diese sinnvoll bei der Gestaltung neuer Lehr-/Lernszenarien erneut einzusetzen, ohne die Kreativität und Anpassbarkeit an die Lehrsituationen einzuschränken. Doch halten Entwurfsmuster dieses Versprechen in Bezug auf pädagogische Kontexte? Was sind die Vorteile gegenüber anderen Dokumentationsformen und wieso werden Entwurfsmuster bislang kaum als Beschreibungsform genutzt? Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert Vorteile und Hürden beim Entwickeln von Entwurfsmustern anhand der E-Learning-Patterns bei e-teaching.org.
Foster, David; Miller, Harold L.
In: Psychology Science Quarterly, Bd. 51, Nr. 4, S. 355–369, 2009, ISSN: 1866-6140.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: computerized testing, Discrete-Option Multiple-Choice, fairness, multiple choice, self-assessment, test security
@article{Foster2009,
title = {A new format for multiple-choice testing: Discrete-Option Multiple-Choice. Results from early studies},
author = {David Foster and Harold L. Miller},
url = {https://doaj.org/article/9851131c12144827a1369f195773d083},
issn = {1866-6140},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-04-01},
urldate = {2018-06-13},
journal = {Psychology Science Quarterly},
volume = {51},
number = {4},
pages = {355–369},
abstract = {The standard multiple-choice format has remained relatively unchanged for nearly 100 years, even over the past 25 years as multiple-choice tests have been computerized. We introduce a unique version of the multiple-choice format that has the potential to improve a test’s measurement and security properties, along with other advantages. We summarize our research with college students on course-level exams to demonstrate these benefits and to establish the Discrete-Option Multiple-Choice (DOMC) format as not only a viable way to measure skills and content knowledge, but an essential one.},
keywords = {computerized testing, Discrete-Option Multiple-Choice, fairness, multiple choice, self-assessment, test security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The standard multiple-choice format has remained relatively unchanged for nearly 100 years, even over the past 25 years as multiple-choice tests have been computerized. We introduce a unique version of the multiple-choice format that has the potential to improve a test’s measurement and security properties, along with other advantages. We summarize our research with college students on course-level exams to demonstrate these benefits and to establish the Discrete-Option Multiple-Choice (DOMC) format as not only a viable way to measure skills and content knowledge, but an essential one.
Fournier, Jean Paul; Demeester, Anne; Charlin, Bernard
Script Concordance Tests: Guidelines for Construction Artikel
In: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Bd. 8, Ausg. 18, 2008, ISSN: 1472-6947.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Clinical Reasoning, Item Format, O, Panel Member, Reference Panel, Test Construction
@article{Fournier2008,
title = {Script Concordance Tests: Guidelines for Construction},
author = {Jean Paul Fournier and Anne Demeester and Bernard Charlin},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-8-18},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6947-8-18},
issn = {1472-6947},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-05-06},
urldate = {2008-05-06},
journal = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making},
volume = {8},
issue = {18},
abstract = {Background
SCT is used to assess clinical reasoning in ambiguous or uncertain situations. It allows testing on real-life situations that are not adequately measured with current tests. It probes the multiple judgments that are made in the clinical reasoning process. Scoring reflects the degree of concordance of these judgments to those of a panel of reference experts.
Method
SCT is an item format that is gaining acceptance in education in the health professions. However, there are no detailed guidelines on item writing, test scoring or test optimization.
Results
The item format is described and the steps for preparing and administering reliable and valid SCTs are presented.
Conclusion
SCTs probe examinees on a specific clinical reasoning task: data interpretation, a crucial step in the clinical reasoning process. It is inferred that a high degree of concordance corresponds to optimal use of information in the context of these specific tasks and therefore provides an indication of clinical reasoning quality.},
keywords = {Clinical Reasoning, Item Format, O, Panel Member, Reference Panel, Test Construction},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
SCT is used to assess clinical reasoning in ambiguous or uncertain situations. It allows testing on real-life situations that are not adequately measured with current tests. It probes the multiple judgments that are made in the clinical reasoning process. Scoring reflects the degree of concordance of these judgments to those of a panel of reference experts.
Method
SCT is an item format that is gaining acceptance in education in the health professions. However, there are no detailed guidelines on item writing, test scoring or test optimization.
Results
The item format is described and the steps for preparing and administering reliable and valid SCTs are presented.
Conclusion
SCTs probe examinees on a specific clinical reasoning task: data interpretation, a crucial step in the clinical reasoning process. It is inferred that a high degree of concordance corresponds to optimal use of information in the context of these specific tasks and therefore provides an indication of clinical reasoning quality.
SCT is used to assess clinical reasoning in ambiguous or uncertain situations. It allows testing on real-life situations that are not adequately measured with current tests. It probes the multiple judgments that are made in the clinical reasoning process. Scoring reflects the degree of concordance of these judgments to those of a panel of reference experts.
Method
SCT is an item format that is gaining acceptance in education in the health professions. However, there are no detailed guidelines on item writing, test scoring or test optimization.
Results
The item format is described and the steps for preparing and administering reliable and valid SCTs are presented.
Conclusion
SCTs probe examinees on a specific clinical reasoning task: data interpretation, a crucial step in the clinical reasoning process. It is inferred that a high degree of concordance corresponds to optimal use of information in the context of these specific tasks and therefore provides an indication of clinical reasoning quality.
Haidinger, Gerald; Mitterauer, Lukas; Rimroth, Evelyne; Frischenschlager, Oskar
In: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, Bd. 120, Nr. 1-2, S. 37–45, 2007, ISSN: 1613-7671.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, Gender, Geschlecht, learning strategies, Lernstrategien, medicine, Medizin, sex, strategic learning, strategisches Lernen, Studienerfolg, study success
@article{Haidinger2008,
title = {Lernstrategien oder strategisches Lernen? Gender-abhängige Erfolgsstrategien im Medizinstudium an der Medizinischen Universität Wien},
author = {Gerald Haidinger and Lukas Mitterauer and Evelyne Rimroth and Oskar Frischenschlager},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/S00508-007-0923-Z
https://www.academia.edu/16252631/Lernstrategien_oder_strategisches_Lernen_Gender-abh{37d1f293241a1edd19b097ce37fa29bd44d887a41b5283a0fc9485076e078306}C3{37d1f293241a1edd19b097ce37fa29bd44d887a41b5283a0fc9485076e078306}A4ngige_Erfolgsstrategien_im_Medizinstudium_an_der_Medizinischen_Universit{37d1f293241a1edd19b097ce37fa29bd44d887a41b5283a0fc9485076e078306}C3{37d1f293241a1edd19b097ce37fa29bd44d887a41b5283a0fc9485076e078306}A4t_Wien?auto=download},
doi = {10.1007/s00508-007-0923-z},
issn = {1613-7671},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-11},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {120},
number = {1-2},
pages = {37–45},
abstract = {Ziel der Studie: Wir untersuchen die höheren Bestehensraten männlicher Studierender bei der summativ-integrativen Prüfung (SIP-1) am Ende des ersten Studienjahres des Medizinstudiums an der Medizinischen Universität Wien. Obwohl Schulleistungen (Mathematik, Chemie, Physik, Englisch) in allen unseren Untersuchungen als Erfolgsprädiktor bestätigt wurden und obwohl weibliche Studierende in diesen Fächern signifikant bessere Schulleistungen aufweisen, weisen weibliche Studierende geringere Erfolgsraten auf. Als Erklärung dafür nehmen wir geschlechtsspezifisch unterschiedliches und erfolgsrelevantes „strategisches Lernen“ an.
Methode: In einer prospektiven Studie an 726 Studierenden der Medizinischen Universität Wien wurde „strategisches Lernverhalten“ mit einem Fragebogen (45 Items) erhoben. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergibt 11 Faktoren, welche mit den Prüfungsergebnissen (bestanden/nicht bestanden) und dem Geschlecht in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
Ergebnisse: Acht der 11 Faktoren erwiesen sich als geschlechtsabhängig oder mit dem Prüfungserfolg verbunden, vier von diesen als sowohl geschlechtsabhängig als auch erfolgsrelevant („Erfolgssicherheit“, „laufend und viel mitlernen“, „hohe Lernkapazität“, „ängstlich/fleißig/strategielos“). Männliche Studierende zeigen eine deutlich strategischere Ausrichtung ihres Lernverhaltens. Interessant erscheint darüber hinaus, dass ein auf Verstehen ausgerichtetes Lernen für den Prüfungserfolg nicht relevant ist.
Schlussfolgerungen: Das Lernverhalten von Mädchen, das grosso modo in der Schule zu besseren Leistungen führt, erweist sich in der Situation der SIP-1 als nicht zielführend. Es wird zu überlegen sein, inwieweit auf Gender-bezogene Differenzen in der Planung von Curriculum und Prüfungswesen Bedacht genommen werden kann.},
keywords = {A, Gender, Geschlecht, learning strategies, Lernstrategien, medicine, Medizin, sex, strategic learning, strategisches Lernen, Studienerfolg, study success},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ziel der Studie: Wir untersuchen die höheren Bestehensraten männlicher Studierender bei der summativ-integrativen Prüfung (SIP-1) am Ende des ersten Studienjahres des Medizinstudiums an der Medizinischen Universität Wien. Obwohl Schulleistungen (Mathematik, Chemie, Physik, Englisch) in allen unseren Untersuchungen als Erfolgsprädiktor bestätigt wurden und obwohl weibliche Studierende in diesen Fächern signifikant bessere Schulleistungen aufweisen, weisen weibliche Studierende geringere Erfolgsraten auf. Als Erklärung dafür nehmen wir geschlechtsspezifisch unterschiedliches und erfolgsrelevantes „strategisches Lernen“ an.
Methode: In einer prospektiven Studie an 726 Studierenden der Medizinischen Universität Wien wurde „strategisches Lernverhalten“ mit einem Fragebogen (45 Items) erhoben. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergibt 11 Faktoren, welche mit den Prüfungsergebnissen (bestanden/nicht bestanden) und dem Geschlecht in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
Ergebnisse: Acht der 11 Faktoren erwiesen sich als geschlechtsabhängig oder mit dem Prüfungserfolg verbunden, vier von diesen als sowohl geschlechtsabhängig als auch erfolgsrelevant („Erfolgssicherheit“, „laufend und viel mitlernen“, „hohe Lernkapazität“, „ängstlich/fleißig/strategielos“). Männliche Studierende zeigen eine deutlich strategischere Ausrichtung ihres Lernverhaltens. Interessant erscheint darüber hinaus, dass ein auf Verstehen ausgerichtetes Lernen für den Prüfungserfolg nicht relevant ist.
Schlussfolgerungen: Das Lernverhalten von Mädchen, das grosso modo in der Schule zu besseren Leistungen führt, erweist sich in der Situation der SIP-1 als nicht zielführend. Es wird zu überlegen sein, inwieweit auf Gender-bezogene Differenzen in der Planung von Curriculum und Prüfungswesen Bedacht genommen werden kann.
Methode: In einer prospektiven Studie an 726 Studierenden der Medizinischen Universität Wien wurde „strategisches Lernverhalten“ mit einem Fragebogen (45 Items) erhoben. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergibt 11 Faktoren, welche mit den Prüfungsergebnissen (bestanden/nicht bestanden) und dem Geschlecht in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
Ergebnisse: Acht der 11 Faktoren erwiesen sich als geschlechtsabhängig oder mit dem Prüfungserfolg verbunden, vier von diesen als sowohl geschlechtsabhängig als auch erfolgsrelevant („Erfolgssicherheit“, „laufend und viel mitlernen“, „hohe Lernkapazität“, „ängstlich/fleißig/strategielos“). Männliche Studierende zeigen eine deutlich strategischere Ausrichtung ihres Lernverhaltens. Interessant erscheint darüber hinaus, dass ein auf Verstehen ausgerichtetes Lernen für den Prüfungserfolg nicht relevant ist.
Schlussfolgerungen: Das Lernverhalten von Mädchen, das grosso modo in der Schule zu besseren Leistungen führt, erweist sich in der Situation der SIP-1 als nicht zielführend. Es wird zu überlegen sein, inwieweit auf Gender-bezogene Differenzen in der Planung von Curriculum und Prüfungswesen Bedacht genommen werden kann.
Truscott, John
The effect of error correction on learners’ ability to write accurately Artikel
In: Journal of Second Language Writing, Bd. 16, Ausg. 4, S. 255–272, 2007, ISBN: 1873-1422.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, correction, feedback, Korrektur, writing
@article{Truscott2007,
title = {The effect of error correction on learners’ ability to write accurately},
author = {John Truscott},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2007.06.003},
doi = {10.1016/j.jslw.2007.06.003},
isbn = {1873-1422},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Second Language Writing},
volume = {16},
issue = {4},
pages = {255–272},
abstract = {The paper evaluates and synthesizes research on the question of how error correction affects learners’ ability to write accurately, combining qualitative analysis of the relevant studies with quantitative meta-analysis of their findings. The conclusions are that, based on existing research: (a) the best estimate is that correction has a small negative effect on learners’ ability to write accurately, and (b) we can be 95% confident that if it has any actual benefits, they are very small. This analysis is followed by discussion of factors that have probably biased the findings in favor of correction groups, the implication being that the conclusions of the meta-analysis probably underestimate the failure of correction.},
keywords = {A, correction, feedback, Korrektur, writing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper evaluates and synthesizes research on the question of how error correction affects learners’ ability to write accurately, combining qualitative analysis of the relevant studies with quantitative meta-analysis of their findings. The conclusions are that, based on existing research: (a) the best estimate is that correction has a small negative effect on learners’ ability to write accurately, and (b) we can be 95% confident that if it has any actual benefits, they are very small. This analysis is followed by discussion of factors that have probably biased the findings in favor of correction groups, the implication being that the conclusions of the meta-analysis probably underestimate the failure of correction.
Lalley, James P.; Miller, Robert H.
The Learning Pyramid: Does it point teachers in the right direction? Artikel
In: Education, Bd. 128, Nr. 1, S. 64–79, 2007, ISSN: 0013-1172.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: learning pyramide, Mythen, O
@article{Lalley2019,
title = {The Learning Pyramid: Does it point teachers in the right direction?},
author = {James P. Lalley and Robert H. Miller},
url = {http://www.impudent.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lalley-Miller-TheLearningPyramid-Education-200709-.pdf},
issn = {0013-1172},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-09-01},
journal = {Education},
volume = {128},
number = {1},
pages = {64–79},
abstract = {This paper raises serious questions about the reliability of the learning pyramid as a guide to retention among students. The pyramid suggests that certain teaching methods are connected with a corresponding hierarchy of student retention. No specific credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, which is loosely associated with the theory proposed by the well-respected researcher, Edgar Dale. Dale is credited with creating the Cone of Experience in 1946. The Cone was designed to represent the importance of altering teaching methods in relation to student background knowledge: it suggests a continuum of methods not a hierarchy. While no credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, clear research on retention was discovered regarding the importance of each of the pyramid levels: each of the methods identified by the pyramid resulted in retention, with none being consistently superior to the others and all being effective in certain contexts. A key conclusion from the literature reviewed rests with the critical importance of the teacher as a knowledgeable decision maker for choosing instructional methods. (Contains 3 figures.)},
keywords = {learning pyramide, Mythen, O},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper raises serious questions about the reliability of the learning pyramid as a guide to retention among students. The pyramid suggests that certain teaching methods are connected with a corresponding hierarchy of student retention. No specific credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, which is loosely associated with the theory proposed by the well-respected researcher, Edgar Dale. Dale is credited with creating the Cone of Experience in 1946. The Cone was designed to represent the importance of altering teaching methods in relation to student background knowledge: it suggests a continuum of methods not a hierarchy. While no credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, clear research on retention was discovered regarding the importance of each of the pyramid levels: each of the methods identified by the pyramid resulted in retention, with none being consistently superior to the others and all being effective in certain contexts. A key conclusion from the literature reviewed rests with the critical importance of the teacher as a knowledgeable decision maker for choosing instructional methods. (Contains 3 figures.)
Nemeth, Charlan J.; Personnaz, Bernard; Personnaz, Marie; Goncalo, Jack A.
The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries Artikel
In: European Journal of Social Psychology, Bd. 34, Nr. 4, S. 365–374, 2004.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Brainstorming, Mythen, O
@article{Nemeth2004,
title = {The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries},
author = {Charlan J. Nemeth and Bernard Personnaz and Marie Personnaz and Jack A. Goncalo},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.210
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252896556_The_liberating_role_of_conflict_in_group_creativity_A_study_in_two_countries},
doi = {10.1002/ejsp.210},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-07-02},
journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {365–374},
abstract = {Researchers of group creativity have noted problems such as social loafing, production blocking, and especially, evaluation apprehension. Thus, brainstorming techniques have specifically admonished people ‘not to criticize’ their own and others' ideas, a tenet that has gone unexamined. In contrast, there is research showing that dissent, debate and competing views have positive value, stimulating divergent and creative thought. Perhaps more importantly, we suggest that the permission to criticize and debate may encourage an atmosphere conducive to idea generation. In this experimental study, traditional brainstorming instructions, including the advice of not criticizing, were compared with instructions encouraging people to debate—even criticize. A third condition served as a control. This study was conducted both in the United States and in France. Results show the value of both types of instruction, but, in general, debate instructions were superior to traditional brainstorming instructions. Further, these findings hold across both cultures. Results are discussed in terms of the potential positive value of encouraging debate and controversy for idea generation.},
keywords = {Brainstorming, Mythen, O},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Researchers of group creativity have noted problems such as social loafing, production blocking, and especially, evaluation apprehension. Thus, brainstorming techniques have specifically admonished people ‘not to criticize’ their own and others' ideas, a tenet that has gone unexamined. In contrast, there is research showing that dissent, debate and competing views have positive value, stimulating divergent and creative thought. Perhaps more importantly, we suggest that the permission to criticize and debate may encourage an atmosphere conducive to idea generation. In this experimental study, traditional brainstorming instructions, including the advice of not criticizing, were compared with instructions encouraging people to debate—even criticize. A third condition served as a control. This study was conducted both in the United States and in France. Results show the value of both types of instruction, but, in general, debate instructions were superior to traditional brainstorming instructions. Further, these findings hold across both cultures. Results are discussed in terms of the potential positive value of encouraging debate and controversy for idea generation.
Ivanov, Vesna K.; Geake, John G.
The Mozart effect and primary school children Artikel
In: Psychology of music, Bd. 31, Nr. 4, S. 405–413, 2003, ISSN: 1741-3087.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: mozart effect, music, music listening, Mythen, O, spacial performance
@article{Ivanov2003,
title = {The Mozart effect and primary school children},
author = {Vesna K. Ivanov and John G. Geake},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356030314005},
doi = {10.1177/03057356030314005},
issn = {1741-3087},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-10-01},
journal = {Psychology of music},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {405–413},
abstract = {This study found some evidence for the existence of a Mozart Effect with upper-primary school-aged children in a school setting. Scores on a Paper Folding Task (PFT) for a class which listened to Mozart during testing were significantly higher than the PFT scores of a control class. Moreover, a similar result was obtained for another class which listened to Bach during testing. The musical educational experience of the children, ascertained by a Musical Background Questionnaire, did not significantly contribute to the variance in PFT scores. We believe that this study is the first to find a Mozart Effect for school children in a natural setting, in contrast to the original study of Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) who examined the effects of listening to Mozart on the spatial task performance of university students in a laboratory.},
keywords = {mozart effect, music, music listening, Mythen, O, spacial performance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study found some evidence for the existence of a Mozart Effect with upper-primary school-aged children in a school setting. Scores on a Paper Folding Task (PFT) for a class which listened to Mozart during testing were significantly higher than the PFT scores of a control class. Moreover, a similar result was obtained for another class which listened to Bach during testing. The musical educational experience of the children, ascertained by a Musical Background Questionnaire, did not significantly contribute to the variance in PFT scores. We believe that this study is the first to find a Mozart Effect for school children in a natural setting, in contrast to the original study of Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) who examined the effects of listening to Mozart on the spatial task performance of university students in a laboratory.
Kruger, Justin; Dunning, David
In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Bd. 77, Ausg. 6, S. 1121–1134, 1999.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, Dunning-Kruger effect
@article{Kruger1999,
title = {Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments},
author = {Justin Kruger and David Dunning},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121},
doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
urldate = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
volume = {77},
issue = {6},
pages = {1121–1134},
abstract = {People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains. The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it. Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd. Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error. Paradoxically, improving the skills of the participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {A, Dunning-Kruger effect},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains. The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it. Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd. Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error. Paradoxically, improving the skills of the participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Kluger, Avraham N.; DeNisi, Angelo
In: Psychological Bulletin, Bd. 119, Ausg. 2, S. 254–284, 1996.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, feedback
@article{nokey,
title = {The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory},
author = {Avraham N. Kluger and Angelo DeNisi},
url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-02773-003},
doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
volume = {119},
issue = {2},
pages = {254–284},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the century, feedback interventions (FIs) produced negative--but largely ignored--effects on performance. A meta-analysis (607 effect sizes; 23,663 observations) suggests that FIs improved performance on average ( d = .41) but that over one-third of the FIs decreased performance. This finding cannot be explained by sampling error, feedback sign, or existing theories. The authors proposed a preliminary FI theory (FIT) and tested it with moderator analyses. The central assumption of FIT is that FIs change the locus of attention among 3 general and hierarchically organized levels of control: task learning, task motivation, and meta-tasks (including self-related) processes. The results suggest that FI effectiveness decreases as attention moves up the hierarchy closer to the self and away from the task. These findings are further moderated by task characteristics that are still poorly understood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {A, feedback},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the beginning of the century, feedback interventions (FIs) produced negative--but largely ignored--effects on performance. A meta-analysis (607 effect sizes; 23,663 observations) suggests that FIs improved performance on average ( d = .41) but that over one-third of the FIs decreased performance. This finding cannot be explained by sampling error, feedback sign, or existing theories. The authors proposed a preliminary FI theory (FIT) and tested it with moderator analyses. The central assumption of FIT is that FIs change the locus of attention among 3 general and hierarchically organized levels of control: task learning, task motivation, and meta-tasks (including self-related) processes. The results suggest that FI effectiveness decreases as attention moves up the hierarchy closer to the self and away from the task. These findings are further moderated by task characteristics that are still poorly understood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Rauscher, Frances H.; Shaw, Gordon L.; Ky, Catherine N.
Music and spatial task performance Artikel
In: Nature, Bd. 365, Nr. 611, 1993, ISSN: 1476-4687.
Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: music, Mythen, O, task performance
@article{Rauscher1993,
title = {Music and spatial task performance},
author = {Frances H. Rauscher and Gordon L. Shaw and Catherine N. Ky },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/365611a0},
doi = {10.1038/365611a0},
issn = {1476-4687},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-10-14},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {365},
number = {611},
keywords = {music, Mythen, O, task performance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rolland, John S.
Chronic Illness and the Life Cycle: A Conceptual Framework Artikel
In: Family Process, Bd. 26, S. 203–221, 1986.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Chronic Illness, Cronicity Framework, O
@article{Rolland1987,
title = {Chronic Illness and the Life Cycle: A Conceptual Framework},
author = {John S. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00203.x},
doi = {10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00203.x},
year = {1986},
date = {1986-12-30},
journal = {Family Process},
volume = {26},
pages = {203–221},
abstract = {This article provides a conceptual framework for thinking about the system created at the interface of chronic illness with the family life cycle. First, a psychosocial typology and time phases of illness schema is described as a necessary, preliminary step to create a common language that bridges the worlds of illness, individual, and family development. This schema organizes similarities and differences between diseases in a manner useful to psychosocial-developmental rather than biomedical inquiry. Then, drawing on several major life-cycle theories in the literature, key concepts (periods of transition, life-structure building and maintaining, centripetality, and centrifugality) are used in a complementary fashion to link these three lines of development. Equipped with these psychosocial languages, consideration is given to transgenerational aspects of illness, loss, and crisis, and the interwoven threads of illness, family, and individual development. Clinical vignettes are provided to highlight this conceptual framework.},
keywords = {Chronic Illness, Cronicity Framework, O},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article provides a conceptual framework for thinking about the system created at the interface of chronic illness with the family life cycle. First, a psychosocial typology and time phases of illness schema is described as a necessary, preliminary step to create a common language that bridges the worlds of illness, individual, and family development. This schema organizes similarities and differences between diseases in a manner useful to psychosocial-developmental rather than biomedical inquiry. Then, drawing on several major life-cycle theories in the literature, key concepts (periods of transition, life-structure building and maintaining, centripetality, and centrifugality) are used in a complementary fashion to link these three lines of development. Equipped with these psychosocial languages, consideration is given to transgenerational aspects of illness, loss, and crisis, and the interwoven threads of illness, family, and individual development. Clinical vignettes are provided to highlight this conceptual framework.
Strecker, Dorothea
Nutzung der Schattenbibliothek Sci-Hub in Deutschland Artikel
In: LIBREAS. Library Ideas, Bd. 36, 0000, ISSN: 1860-7950.
Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, closed access, Germany, logfile analysis, publishers, Schattenbibliothek, Sci-Hub
@article{Strecker2019,
title = {Nutzung der Schattenbibliothek Sci-Hub in Deutschland},
author = {Dorothea Strecker},
url = {https://libreas.eu/ausgabe36/strecker/},
issn = {1860-7950},
journal = {LIBREAS. Library Ideas},
volume = {36},
keywords = {A, closed access, Germany, logfile analysis, publishers, Schattenbibliothek, Sci-Hub},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wang, Shaoyi; Xu, Yan; Li, Quanlong; Chen, Yuanlong
Learning Path Planning Algorithm Based on Learner Behavior Analysis Proceedings Article
In: 2021 4th International Conference on Big Data and Education, S. 26–33, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 0000, ISBN: 9781450389389.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Learning path, O, Smart education, Time series
@inproceedings{Wang2021,
title = {Learning Path Planning Algorithm Based on Learner Behavior Analysis},
author = {Shaoyi Wang and Yan Xu and Quanlong Li and Yuanlong Chen},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3451400.3451405},
doi = {10.1145/3451400.3451405},
isbn = {9781450389389},
booktitle = {2021 4th International Conference on Big Data and Education},
pages = {26–33},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
series = {ICBDE 2021},
abstract = {Internet online education platforms are developing at an unprecedented speed. Ordinary people can also have zero-distance access to excellent courses from excellent universities that were inaccessible in the past. However, learners are unable to quickly find content that suits their learning interests and abilities in the massive learning materials, resulting in greatly reduced learning effects. This article conducts research on how to fill the knowledge gap between learners and educational resources, and aims to plan individualized and highly compatible learning paths for learners. Combining the prediction results of the exercises and answering questions, the knowledge points and courses are modeled. Based on the established model, a learning path planning algorithm with review strategies based on the knowledge graph is proposed, and the topological sorting is used to show the completeness for the learners at the end. Personalized learning path. The experimental results show that the method has satisfactory accuracy. It can provide learners with a personalized learning path.},
keywords = {Learning path, O, Smart education, Time series},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Internet online education platforms are developing at an unprecedented speed. Ordinary people can also have zero-distance access to excellent courses from excellent universities that were inaccessible in the past. However, learners are unable to quickly find content that suits their learning interests and abilities in the massive learning materials, resulting in greatly reduced learning effects. This article conducts research on how to fill the knowledge gap between learners and educational resources, and aims to plan individualized and highly compatible learning paths for learners. Combining the prediction results of the exercises and answering questions, the knowledge points and courses are modeled. Based on the established model, a learning path planning algorithm with review strategies based on the knowledge graph is proposed, and the topological sorting is used to show the completeness for the learners at the end. Personalized learning path. The experimental results show that the method has satisfactory accuracy. It can provide learners with a personalized learning path.
Harder, Thorleif; Drzyzga, Gilbert
Perzeption und Präferenzen von Online-Studierenden zu Lernenden-Dashboards: Designelemente, Akzeptanz und ML-basierte Lernfortschrittsprognosen Konferenzberichte Geplante Veröffentlichung
Waxmann, Jena, Geplante Veröffentlichung.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: A, Benutzerzentriertes Design, Dashboard, dropout, Instruktionsdesign, User Experience Design
@proceedings{nokey,
title = {Perzeption und Präferenzen von Online-Studierenden zu Lernenden-Dashboards: Designelemente, Akzeptanz und ML-basierte Lernfortschrittsprognosen},
author = {Thorleif Harder and Gilbert Drzyzga},
url = {folgt},
booktitle = {Tagungsband der GMW2023: Integration und Ko-Kreation: Miteinander von Mensch und Maschine in Forschung und Bildung},
publisher = {Waxmann},
address = {Jena},
abstract = {Digitale Studiengänge haben in jüngster Zeit erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen, da sie ein flexibles, zeit- und ortsunabhängiges Studium ermöglichen. Aufgrund räumlicher Distanz und des Online-Charakters sind die Online-Studierenden jedoch teilweise isoliert und müssen ihr Lernen selbst organisieren. Learning Analytics eröffnet hier aussichtsreiche Möglichkeiten, Lernprozesse zu unterstützen und zu verbessern. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wird ein Lernenden-Dashboard (LD) für Online-Studiengänge eines Universitätsnetzwerks entwickelt, das auf Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) basiert. Um die Bedürfnisse, Erwartungen und Sichtweisen der Online-Studierenden in Bezug auf das zu entwickelnde LD und den Umgang mit den analysierten Daten zu erfassen, wurde eine OnlineBefragung im Hochschulverbund durchgeführt (N=179). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Studierenden bereit sind, ihre persönlichen Daten zur Verfügung zu stellen, wenn sie z.B. durch die Darstellung ihres Lernprozesses in Form eines prognostizierten Verlaufs einen unmittelbaren Mehrwert erhalten. Bei den DashboardElementen zeigte sich beispielsweise, dass ein personalisierter Kalender und die Darstellung von Einsendeaufgaben besonders geschätzt werden, was die Bedeutung individueller Lernpfade unterstreicht.},
keywords = {A, Benutzerzentriertes Design, Dashboard, dropout, Instruktionsdesign, User Experience Design},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Digitale Studiengänge haben in jüngster Zeit erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen, da sie ein flexibles, zeit- und ortsunabhängiges Studium ermöglichen. Aufgrund räumlicher Distanz und des Online-Charakters sind die Online-Studierenden jedoch teilweise isoliert und müssen ihr Lernen selbst organisieren. Learning Analytics eröffnet hier aussichtsreiche Möglichkeiten, Lernprozesse zu unterstützen und zu verbessern. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wird ein Lernenden-Dashboard (LD) für Online-Studiengänge eines Universitätsnetzwerks entwickelt, das auf Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) basiert. Um die Bedürfnisse, Erwartungen und Sichtweisen der Online-Studierenden in Bezug auf das zu entwickelnde LD und den Umgang mit den analysierten Daten zu erfassen, wurde eine OnlineBefragung im Hochschulverbund durchgeführt (N=179). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Studierenden bereit sind, ihre persönlichen Daten zur Verfügung zu stellen, wenn sie z.B. durch die Darstellung ihres Lernprozesses in Form eines prognostizierten Verlaufs einen unmittelbaren Mehrwert erhalten. Bei den DashboardElementen zeigte sich beispielsweise, dass ein personalisierter Kalender und die Darstellung von Einsendeaufgaben besonders geschätzt werden, was die Bedeutung individueller Lernpfade unterstreicht.