A Assessment Astronomie Brainstorming Desirable difficulties Duolingo e-learning evaluation Fluency gamification Gender higher education Hochschule language learning Learning massive open online courses (MOOCs) memory mobile learning Mythen Nikolaus Kopernikus O OER quality Retention students Studienerfolg Studium teaching Testing Usability
| Marsh, Elizabeth J; Rajaram, Suparna: The Digital Expansion of the Mind: Implications of Internet Usage for Memory and Cognition. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 8 (1), S. 1–14, 2019, ISSN: 2211-3681. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Cognition, External memory, Internet, memory, Metacognition, O, Social memory) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #15 @article{Marsh2019, title = {The Digital Expansion of the Mind: Implications of Internet Usage for Memory and Cognition}, author = {Elizabeth J. Marsh and Suparna Rajaram}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.11.001}, doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.11.001}, issn = {2211-3681}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-19}, journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1–14}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {The internet is rapidly changing what information is available as well as how we find it and share it with others. Here we examine how this “digital expansion of the mind” changes cognition. We begin by identifying ten properties of the internet that likely affect cognition, roughly organized around internet content (e.g., the sheer amount of information available), internet usage (e.g., the requirement to search for information), and the people and communities who create and propagate content (e.g., people are connected in an unprecedented fashion). We use these properties to explain (or ask questions about) internet-related phenomena, such as habitual reliance on the internet, the propagation of misinformation, and consequences for autobiographical memory, among others. Our goal is to consider the impact of internet usage on many aspects of cognition, as people increasingly rely on the internet to seek, post, and share information.}, keywords = {Cognition, External memory, Internet, memory, Metacognition, O, Social memory}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The internet is rapidly changing what information is available as well as how we find it and share it with others. Here we examine how this “digital expansion of the mind” changes cognition. We begin by identifying ten properties of the internet that likely affect cognition, roughly organized around internet content (e.g., the sheer amount of information available), internet usage (e.g., the requirement to search for information), and the people and communities who create and propagate content (e.g., people are connected in an unprecedented fashion). We use these properties to explain (or ask questions about) internet-related phenomena, such as habitual reliance on the internet, the propagation of misinformation, and consequences for autobiographical memory, among others. Our goal is to consider the impact of internet usage on many aspects of cognition, as people increasingly rely on the internet to seek, post, and share information. |
| Orben, Amy; Przybylski, Andrew K: The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use. Nature Human Behaviour, 2019, ISSN: 2397-3374. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: adolescent, O, specification curve analysis (SCA), technology use, well-being) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #12 @article{Orben2019, title = {The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use}, author = {Amy Orben and Andrew K. Przybylski}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1}, issn = {2397-3374}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-14}, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, abstract = {The widespread use of digital technologies by young people has spurred speculation that their regular use negatively impacts psychological well-being. Current empirical evidence supporting this idea is largely based on secondary analyses of large-scale social datasets. Though these datasets provide a valuable resource for highly powered investigations, their many variables and observations are often explored with an analytical flexibility that marks small effects as statistically significant, thereby leading to potential false positives and conflicting results. Here we address these methodological challenges by applying specification curve analysis (SCA) across three large-scale social datasets (total n = 355,358) to rigorously examine correlational evidence for the effects of digital technology on adolescents. The association we find between digital technology use and adolescent well-being is negative but small, explaining at most 0.4% of the variation in well-being. Taking the broader context of the data into account suggests that these effects are too small to warrant policy change.}, keywords = {adolescent, O, specification curve analysis (SCA), technology use, well-being}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The widespread use of digital technologies by young people has spurred speculation that their regular use negatively impacts psychological well-being. Current empirical evidence supporting this idea is largely based on secondary analyses of large-scale social datasets. Though these datasets provide a valuable resource for highly powered investigations, their many variables and observations are often explored with an analytical flexibility that marks small effects as statistically significant, thereby leading to potential false positives and conflicting results. Here we address these methodological challenges by applying specification curve analysis (SCA) across three large-scale social datasets (total n = 355,358) to rigorously examine correlational evidence for the effects of digital technology on adolescents. The association we find between digital technology use and adolescent well-being is negative but small, explaining at most 0.4% of the variation in well-being. Taking the broader context of the data into account suggests that these effects are too small to warrant policy change. |
| Reich, Justin; Ruipérez-Valiente, José A: The MOOC pivot. Science, 363 (6423), S. 130–131, 2019, ISSN: 1095-9203. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: higher education, massive open online courses (MOOCs), O) Science Journals Default License Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #12 @article{Reich2019, title = {The MOOC pivot}, author = {Justin Reich and José A. Ruipérez-Valiente}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7958}, doi = {10.1126/science.aav7958}, issn = {1095-9203}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {Science}, volume = {363}, number = {6423}, pages = {130–131}, abstract = {When massive open online courses (MOOCs) first captured global attention in 2012, advocates imagined a disruptive transformation in postsecondary education. Video lectures from the world's best professors could be broadcast to the farthest reaches of the networked world, and students could demonstrate proficiency using innovative computer-graded assessments, even in places with limited access to traditional education. But after promising a reordering of higher education, we see the field instead coalescing around a different, much older business model: helping universities outsource their online master's degrees for professionals (1). To better understand the reasons for this shift, we highlight three patterns emerging from data on MOOCs provided by Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) via the edX platform: The vast majority of MOOC learners never return after their first year, the growth in MOOC participation has been concentrated almost entirely in the world's most affluent countries, and the bane of MOOCs—low completion rates (2)—has not improved over 6 years.}, keywords = {higher education, massive open online courses (MOOCs), O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } When massive open online courses (MOOCs) first captured global attention in 2012, advocates imagined a disruptive transformation in postsecondary education. Video lectures from the world's best professors could be broadcast to the farthest reaches of the networked world, and students could demonstrate proficiency using innovative computer-graded assessments, even in places with limited access to traditional education. But after promising a reordering of higher education, we see the field instead coalescing around a different, much older business model: helping universities outsource their online master's degrees for professionals (1). To better understand the reasons for this shift, we highlight three patterns emerging from data on MOOCs provided by Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) via the edX platform: The vast majority of MOOC learners never return after their first year, the growth in MOOC participation has been concentrated almost entirely in the world's most affluent countries, and the bane of MOOCs—low completion rates (2)—has not improved over 6 years. |
| Könitz, Christopher: OER – Auf dem Weg in eine selbstverschuldete digitale Unmündigkeit?. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, 32 (Oktober), S. 63–71, 2018, ISSN: 1424-3636. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: O, OER, open educational resources) CC BY 4.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #11 @article{Könitz_2018, title = {OER – Auf dem Weg in eine selbstverschuldete digitale Unmündigkeit?}, author = {Christopher Könitz}, url = {https://www.medienpaed.com/article/view/609}, doi = {10.21240/mpaed/32/2018.10.24.X}, issn = {1424-3636}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, urldate = {2018-12-20}, journal = {MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, volume = {32}, number = {Oktober}, pages = {63–71}, abstract = {Spätestens seit der Debatte um die Vergütung von urheberrechtlich geschütztem Material nach UrhG §52a, scheinen Open Educational Resources (OER) die Antwort auf proprietäre Verlagsangebote zu sein. Jedoch gibt es lizenzrechtliche, technische und begriffliche Unschärfen, die dazu führen, dass OER in eine selbstverschuldete digitale Unmündigkeit führen können. Dieser Beitrag liefert daher im Kern eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem OER-Begriff aus einer bildungstheoretisch-medienpädagogischen Perspektive. Im ersten Teil werden die genannten Unschärfen näher beleuchtet und erste Lösungsansätze aufzeigt. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine Hinwendung zu einem starken Copyleft, welches derzeit mit den Creative Commons nicht möglich ist, da diese unter Umständen zu proprietären Materialen führen können. Die technische Perspektive richtet sich auf die verwendeten Dateiformate von OER, die häufig nicht frei und/oder editierbar sind. Die begriffliche Perspektive stellt heraus, dass der OER-Begriff ein negatives Konzept von Freiheit verfolgen und mit Blick auf die Medienpädagogik untertheoretisiert sind. Im zweiten Teil werden daher durch das Medienkompetenzmodell nach Baacke und der Strukturalen Medienbildung nach Jörissen und Marotzki zwei mögliche medienpädagogische Anschlüsse geschaffen. Durch diese Anschlüsse werden die Momente der Medienkritik und der Reflexivität eingebracht. Damit wird der Fokus von einer Outputorientierung auf den Aufbau eines Orientierungswissens – und damit auf transformatorische Bildungsprozesse und den damit verbundenen medialen Artikulationen – verschoben.}, keywords = {O, OER, open educational resources}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Spätestens seit der Debatte um die Vergütung von urheberrechtlich geschütztem Material nach UrhG §52a, scheinen Open Educational Resources (OER) die Antwort auf proprietäre Verlagsangebote zu sein. Jedoch gibt es lizenzrechtliche, technische und begriffliche Unschärfen, die dazu führen, dass OER in eine selbstverschuldete digitale Unmündigkeit führen können. Dieser Beitrag liefert daher im Kern eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem OER-Begriff aus einer bildungstheoretisch-medienpädagogischen Perspektive. Im ersten Teil werden die genannten Unschärfen näher beleuchtet und erste Lösungsansätze aufzeigt. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine Hinwendung zu einem starken Copyleft, welches derzeit mit den Creative Commons nicht möglich ist, da diese unter Umständen zu proprietären Materialen führen können. Die technische Perspektive richtet sich auf die verwendeten Dateiformate von OER, die häufig nicht frei und/oder editierbar sind. Die begriffliche Perspektive stellt heraus, dass der OER-Begriff ein negatives Konzept von Freiheit verfolgen und mit Blick auf die Medienpädagogik untertheoretisiert sind. Im zweiten Teil werden daher durch das Medienkompetenzmodell nach Baacke und der Strukturalen Medienbildung nach Jörissen und Marotzki zwei mögliche medienpädagogische Anschlüsse geschaffen. Durch diese Anschlüsse werden die Momente der Medienkritik und der Reflexivität eingebracht. Damit wird der Fokus von einer Outputorientierung auf den Aufbau eines Orientierungswissens – und damit auf transformatorische Bildungsprozesse und den damit verbundenen medialen Artikulationen – verschoben. |
| Reder, Constanze; Lukács, Bence: Offene Bildungspraxis erlebbar machen – die Rolle von Podcasts für Projektdokumentationen und Reflexionsprozesse. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, 32 , S. 17–27, 2018, ISSN: 1424-3636. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Hochschule, O, OER, Podcasts) CC BY 4.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #14 @article{Reder2018, title = {Offene Bildungspraxis erlebbar machen – die Rolle von Podcasts für Projektdokumentationen und Reflexionsprozesse}, author = {Constanze Reder and Bence Lukács}, url = {https://www.medienpaed.com/article/view/610}, doi = {10.21240/mpaed/32/2018.10.20.X}, issn = {1424-3636}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-20}, journal = {MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, volume = {32}, pages = {17–27}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie Reflexion als Teil akademischer Medienkompetenz an Hochschulen adressiert werden kann. Als Beispiel dient ein Praxisprojekt, über das Studierende in labs mit Open Educational Resources (frei verfügbares Bildungsmaterial, OER), aber darüber hinaus vor allem mit Open Educational Practices (offenen Bildungspraktiken, OEP) und offenen Lehrinhalten in Kontakt kommen. Dabei stehen auch andere hochschulische Akteursgruppen im Fokus, die gemeinsam mit den Studierenden in moderierten Dialogen darüber beraten, wie nicht nur OER sondern auch OEP an der Hochschule etabliert werden können, um Dozierenden wie Studierenden den Zugang zu offener Bildung zu erleichtern. Ausgehend von dieser Praxiserfahrung greift der Artikel den Baustein des projektbegleitenden Podcasts heraus, der die Anlage des Projekts dokumentiert, aber auch ein reflexives Element im Doing darstellt, durch das die verschiedenen Perspektiven der Mitarbeitenden an den beiden Standorten, aber auch die von Stakeholdern und Kooperationsakteurinnen und Kooperationsakteuren widergespiegelt wird. Er widmet sich der Frage, wie dementsprechend ein reflektierter Umgang mit offener Lehr-Lernpraxis an der Hochschule unterstützt werden kann und wie offene Praxis nicht nur als Seminarinhalt, sondern auch nachhaltig als Teil von Hochschulentwicklungsprojekten implementiert werden kann.}, keywords = {Hochschule, O, OER, Podcasts}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie Reflexion als Teil akademischer Medienkompetenz an Hochschulen adressiert werden kann. Als Beispiel dient ein Praxisprojekt, über das Studierende in labs mit Open Educational Resources (frei verfügbares Bildungsmaterial, OER), aber darüber hinaus vor allem mit Open Educational Practices (offenen Bildungspraktiken, OEP) und offenen Lehrinhalten in Kontakt kommen. Dabei stehen auch andere hochschulische Akteursgruppen im Fokus, die gemeinsam mit den Studierenden in moderierten Dialogen darüber beraten, wie nicht nur OER sondern auch OEP an der Hochschule etabliert werden können, um Dozierenden wie Studierenden den Zugang zu offener Bildung zu erleichtern. Ausgehend von dieser Praxiserfahrung greift der Artikel den Baustein des projektbegleitenden Podcasts heraus, der die Anlage des Projekts dokumentiert, aber auch ein reflexives Element im Doing darstellt, durch das die verschiedenen Perspektiven der Mitarbeitenden an den beiden Standorten, aber auch die von Stakeholdern und Kooperationsakteurinnen und Kooperationsakteuren widergespiegelt wird. Er widmet sich der Frage, wie dementsprechend ein reflektierter Umgang mit offener Lehr-Lernpraxis an der Hochschule unterstützt werden kann und wie offene Praxis nicht nur als Seminarinhalt, sondern auch nachhaltig als Teil von Hochschulentwicklungsprojekten implementiert werden kann. |
| Leuchtenbörger, Jens: Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von Open Educational Resources im Selbstversuch. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, 32 , S. 101–117, 2018, ISSN: 1424-3636. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Github, Hochschule, Informatik, O, open educational resources, Open Source) CC BY 4.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #14 @article{Leuchtenbörger2018, title = {Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von Open Educational Resources im Selbstversuch}, author = {Jens Leuchtenbörger}, url = {https://www.medienpaed.com/article/view/651}, doi = {10.21240/mpaed/34/2019.03.02.X}, issn = {1424-3636}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-20}, journal = {MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, volume = {32}, pages = {101–117}, abstract = {Open Educational Resources (OER) versprechen einerseits den Abbau von Hürden im Bildungszugang und andererseits die Vermeidung redundanter Arbeit bei der Erstellung ähnlicher und gleichzeitig qualitativ hochwertiger Bildungsressourcen in unterschiedlichen Organisationen. Der Verbreitung von OER stehen jedoch bekannte Hürden gegenüber, wobei das ALMS-Framework einen Rahmen für die Bewertung der Wieder- und Weiternutzung von OER aus technischer Sicht bereitstellt. Ausgehend von einem Selbstversuch zur OER-Einführung werden in dieser Arbeit das ALMS-Framework erweiternde Anforderungen an OER basierend auf Konzepten aus Software-Entwicklung und technischem Schreiben definiert. Unter Beachtung dieser Anforderungen werden zwei OER-Projekte beschrieben: Zum einen wird die Weiterentwicklung eines Lehrbuchs unter Creative-Commons-Lizenz skizziert. Zum anderen werden Erstellung und Nutzung der neu entwickelten Software emacs-reveal für die Erzeugung von für das Selbststudium geeigneten, mit Audiokommentaren unterlegten HTML-Präsentationen beschrieben; die Präsentationen werden in einfachen Textdateien erstellt, wobei die Erzeugung von HTML-Code automatisiert in einer öffentlichen GitLab-Infrastruktur abläuft und damit die Software-Nutzung vereinfacht. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Studierenden verdeutlichen die Vorzüge der erzeugten Präsentationen.}, keywords = {Github, Hochschule, Informatik, O, open educational resources, Open Source}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Open Educational Resources (OER) versprechen einerseits den Abbau von Hürden im Bildungszugang und andererseits die Vermeidung redundanter Arbeit bei der Erstellung ähnlicher und gleichzeitig qualitativ hochwertiger Bildungsressourcen in unterschiedlichen Organisationen. Der Verbreitung von OER stehen jedoch bekannte Hürden gegenüber, wobei das ALMS-Framework einen Rahmen für die Bewertung der Wieder- und Weiternutzung von OER aus technischer Sicht bereitstellt. Ausgehend von einem Selbstversuch zur OER-Einführung werden in dieser Arbeit das ALMS-Framework erweiternde Anforderungen an OER basierend auf Konzepten aus Software-Entwicklung und technischem Schreiben definiert. Unter Beachtung dieser Anforderungen werden zwei OER-Projekte beschrieben: Zum einen wird die Weiterentwicklung eines Lehrbuchs unter Creative-Commons-Lizenz skizziert. Zum anderen werden Erstellung und Nutzung der neu entwickelten Software emacs-reveal für die Erzeugung von für das Selbststudium geeigneten, mit Audiokommentaren unterlegten HTML-Präsentationen beschrieben; die Präsentationen werden in einfachen Textdateien erstellt, wobei die Erzeugung von HTML-Code automatisiert in einer öffentlichen GitLab-Infrastruktur abläuft und damit die Software-Nutzung vereinfacht. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Studierenden verdeutlichen die Vorzüge der erzeugten Präsentationen. |
| Seidel, Niels: Aufgabentypen für das Zusammenspiel von E-Assessment und Lernvideos. Bergert, Aline; Lehmann, Anje; Liebscher, Maja; Schulz, Jens (Hrsg.): Videocampus Sachsen – Machbarkeitsuntersuchung, S. 45–60, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, 1, 2018, ISBN: 978-3-86012-575-5. (Typ: Buchkapitel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Assessment, e-Assessment, higher education, O, Saxony, teaching, video) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #10 @inbook{Seidel2018, title = {Aufgabentypen für das Zusammenspiel von E-Assessment und Lernvideos}, author = {Niels Seidel}, editor = {Aline Bergert and Anje Lehmann and Maja Liebscher and Jens Schulz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa2-312017}, isbn = {978-3-86012-575-5}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-10}, urldate = {2018-11-18}, booktitle = {Videocampus Sachsen – Machbarkeitsuntersuchung}, pages = {45–60}, publisher = {TU Bergakademie Freiberg}, address = {Freiberg}, edition = {1}, institution = {Medienzentrum der TU Bergakademie Freiberg}, series = {Freiberger Forschungshefte}, abstract = {Lernvideos werden oft als Instruktionsmedien verstanden, die Lerninhalte in audiovisueller Form konservieren und transportieren. Dieser Beitrag ergänzt diese Sichtweise um den Aspekt der Überprüfung des Lernerfolgs mit Hilfe von E-Assessments. Durch die Integration von speziellen Aufgabentypen in den Ablauf der Videowiedergabe können höhere Kompetenzlevel geprüft und weiterführende didaktische Intentionen, Lernszenarien und -formen umgesetzt werden. Im Rahmen der Verbundförderung des Videocampus Sachsen (VCS) konnten entsprechende Feldstudien ausgewertet und Pilotanwendungen im Rahmen des Innovationsvorhabens ViAssess entwickelt werden.}, keywords = {Assessment, e-Assessment, higher education, O, Saxony, teaching, video}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Lernvideos werden oft als Instruktionsmedien verstanden, die Lerninhalte in audiovisueller Form konservieren und transportieren. Dieser Beitrag ergänzt diese Sichtweise um den Aspekt der Überprüfung des Lernerfolgs mit Hilfe von E-Assessments. Durch die Integration von speziellen Aufgabentypen in den Ablauf der Videowiedergabe können höhere Kompetenzlevel geprüft und weiterführende didaktische Intentionen, Lernszenarien und -formen umgesetzt werden. Im Rahmen der Verbundförderung des Videocampus Sachsen (VCS) konnten entsprechende Feldstudien ausgewertet und Pilotanwendungen im Rahmen des Innovationsvorhabens ViAssess entwickelt werden. |
| Akçayır, Gökçe; Akçayır, Murat: The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers & Education, 126 , S. 334–345, 2018, ISSN: 0360-1315. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Improving classroom teaching, O, Teaching/learning strategies) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #16 @article{Akcayir2018, title = {The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges}, author = {Gökçe Akçayır and Murat Akçayır}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131518302045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021}, doi = {10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021}, issn = {0360-1315}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-01}, urldate = {2019-05-25}, journal = {Computers & Education}, volume = {126}, pages = {334–345}, abstract = {This study presents a large-scale systematic review of the literature on the flipped classroom, with the goals of examining its reported advantages and challenges for both students and instructors, and to note potentially useful areas of future research on the flipped model's in and out-of-class activities. The full range of Social Sciences Citation Indexed journals was surveyed through the Web of Science site, and a total of 71 research articles were selected for the review. The findings reveal that the most frequently reported advantage of the flipped classroom is the improvement of student learning performance. We also found a number of challenges in this model. The majority of these are related to out-of-class activities, such as much reported inadequate student preparation prior to class. Several other challenges and the numerous advantages of the flipped classroom are discussed in detail. We then offer suggestions for future research on flipped model activities.}, keywords = {Improving classroom teaching, O, Teaching/learning strategies}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study presents a large-scale systematic review of the literature on the flipped classroom, with the goals of examining its reported advantages and challenges for both students and instructors, and to note potentially useful areas of future research on the flipped model's in and out-of-class activities. The full range of Social Sciences Citation Indexed journals was surveyed through the Web of Science site, and a total of 71 research articles were selected for the review. The findings reveal that the most frequently reported advantage of the flipped classroom is the improvement of student learning performance. We also found a number of challenges in this model. The majority of these are related to out-of-class activities, such as much reported inadequate student preparation prior to class. Several other challenges and the numerous advantages of the flipped classroom are discussed in detail. We then offer suggestions for future research on flipped model activities. |
| Butler, Andrew C: Multiple-Choice Testing in Education: Are the Best Practices for Assessment Also Good for Learning?. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 7 (3), S. 323–331, 2018, ISSN: 2211-3681. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Assessment, Learning, Multiple-choice, O, Testing) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #9 @article{Butler2018, title = {Multiple-Choice Testing in Education: Are the Best Practices for Assessment Also Good for Learning?}, author = {Andrew C. Butler}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.07.002 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368118301426}, doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.07.002}, issn = {2211-3681}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-31}, urldate = {2018-10-20}, journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {323–331}, abstract = {Multiple-choice tests are arguably the most popular type of assessment in education, and much research has been dedicated to determining best practices for using them to measure learning. The act of taking a test also causes learning, and numerous studies have investigated how best to use multiple-choice tests to improve long-term retention and produce deeper understanding. In this review article, I explore whether the best practices for assessment align with the best practices for learning. Although consensus between these two literatures is not a foregone conclusion, there is substantial agreement in how best to construct and use multiple-choice tests for these two disparate purposes. The overall recommendation from both literatures is to create questions that are simple in format (e.g., avoid use of complex item types), challenge students but allow them to succeed often, and target specific cognitive processes that correspond to learning objectives.}, keywords = {Assessment, Learning, Multiple-choice, O, Testing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multiple-choice tests are arguably the most popular type of assessment in education, and much research has been dedicated to determining best practices for using them to measure learning. The act of taking a test also causes learning, and numerous studies have investigated how best to use multiple-choice tests to improve long-term retention and produce deeper understanding. In this review article, I explore whether the best practices for assessment align with the best practices for learning. Although consensus between these two literatures is not a foregone conclusion, there is substantial agreement in how best to construct and use multiple-choice tests for these two disparate purposes. The overall recommendation from both literatures is to create questions that are simple in format (e.g., avoid use of complex item types), challenge students but allow them to succeed often, and target specific cognitive processes that correspond to learning objectives. |
| van der Zee, Tim; Reich, Justin: Open Education Science. AERA Open, 4 (3), S. 1–15, 2018. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: O, open access, open science, preregistration, registered report) CC BY-NC 4.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #8 @article{vandezee2018, title = {Open Education Science}, author = {Tim van der Zee and Justin Reich}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418787466}, doi = {10.1177/2332858418787466}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-16}, journal = {AERA Open}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {1–15}, abstract = {Scientific progress is built on research that is reliable, accurate, and verifiable. The methods and evidentiary reasoning that underlie scientific claims must be available for scrutiny. Like other fields, the education sciences suffer from problems such as failure to replicate, validity and generalization issues, publication bias, and high costs of access to publications—all of which are symptoms of a nontransparent approach to research. Each aspect of the scientific cycle—research design, data collection, analysis, and publication—can and should be made more transparent and accessible. Open Education Science is a set of practices designed to increase the transparency of evidentiary reasoning and access to scientific research in a domain characterized by diverse disciplinary traditions and a commitment to impact in policy and practice. Transparency and accessibility are functional imperatives that come with many benefits for the individual researcher, scientific community, and society at large—Open Education Science is the way forward.}, keywords = {O, open access, open science, preregistration, registered report}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Scientific progress is built on research that is reliable, accurate, and verifiable. The methods and evidentiary reasoning that underlie scientific claims must be available for scrutiny. Like other fields, the education sciences suffer from problems such as failure to replicate, validity and generalization issues, publication bias, and high costs of access to publications—all of which are symptoms of a nontransparent approach to research. Each aspect of the scientific cycle—research design, data collection, analysis, and publication—can and should be made more transparent and accessible. Open Education Science is a set of practices designed to increase the transparency of evidentiary reasoning and access to scientific research in a domain characterized by diverse disciplinary traditions and a commitment to impact in policy and practice. Transparency and accessibility are functional imperatives that come with many benefits for the individual researcher, scientific community, and society at large—Open Education Science is the way forward. |
| Schulmeister, Rolf; Loviscach, Jörn: Mythen der Digitalisierung mit Blick auf Studium und Lernen. Digitale Transformation im Diskurs: Kritische Perspektiven auf Entwicklungen und Tendenzen im Zeitalter des Digitalen, S. 1–21, 2018. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Digitalisierung, Mythen, O, Studium) CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #1 @article{schulmeister2017, title = {Mythen der Digitalisierung mit Blick auf Studium und Lernen}, author = {Rolf Schulmeister and Jörn Loviscach}, editor = {Christian Leineweber and Claudia de Witt}, url = {https://ub-deposit.fernuni-hagen.de/receive/mir_mods_00001055 http://www.fernuni-hagen.de/KSW/portale/ifbm/bildung_medien/medien-im-diskurs/digitale-transformation-im-diskurs/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-07}, urldate = {2018-03-31}, journal = {Digitale Transformation im Diskurs: Kritische Perspektiven auf Entwicklungen und Tendenzen im Zeitalter des Digitalen}, pages = {1–21}, address = {Hagen}, abstract = {Der Online-Sammelband "Dgitale Transformation im Diskurs" erscheint im Rahmen der Reihe "Medien im Diskurs" (Lehrgebiet Bildungstheorie und Medienpädagogik, Leitung: Prof. Dr. Claudia de Witt). Im Zentrum steht die Entfaltung von Perspektiven, die kontradiktorisch zum gegenwärtig wahrzunehmenden Digitalisierungshype stehen, und Digitalisierung insofern in ein kritisches Licht rücken lassen. Wir folgen damit der These, dass die besonderen Potenziale der Digitalisierung erst dann final abgeschätzt werden können, wenn auch ihre Schattenseiten beleuchtet werden.}, keywords = {Digitalisierung, Mythen, O, Studium}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Der Online-Sammelband "Dgitale Transformation im Diskurs" erscheint im Rahmen der Reihe "Medien im Diskurs" (Lehrgebiet Bildungstheorie und Medienpädagogik, Leitung: Prof. Dr. Claudia de Witt). Im Zentrum steht die Entfaltung von Perspektiven, die kontradiktorisch zum gegenwärtig wahrzunehmenden Digitalisierungshype stehen, und Digitalisierung insofern in ein kritisches Licht rücken lassen. Wir folgen damit der These, dass die besonderen Potenziale der Digitalisierung erst dann final abgeschätzt werden können, wenn auch ihre Schattenseiten beleuchtet werden. |
| Bicen, Huseyin; Kocakoyun, Senay: Perceptions of Students for Gamification Approach: Kahoot as a Case Study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 13 (2), 2018, ISSN: 1863-0383. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: achievement, competition, gamification, motivation, O, students) CC BY 3.0 Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #3 @article{Bicen2018, title = {Perceptions of Students for Gamification Approach: Kahoot as a Case Study}, author = {Huseyin Bicen and Senay Kocakoyun}, url = {http://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jet/article/view/7467 http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i02.7467}, doi = {10.3991/ijet.v13i02.7467}, issn = {1863-0383}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-27}, urldate = {2018-05-16}, journal = {International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, publisher = {kassel university press GmbH}, abstract = {A novel learning experience that increases student motivation can be created in a learning environment that includes a gamification approach to assess competence. Student views on gamification were surveyed to determine the best application of this method, the environment necessary for its use, and the manner by which the application should proceed. The effect of a gamification approach on student achievement through intra-class competition was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In this study, the Kahoot application was the preferred gamification method used. Participating students included 65 undergraduate students studying at the Department of Preschool Teaching. The findings showed that inclusion of a gamification method increased the interest of students in the class, and increased student ambitions for success. This method was also found to have a positive impact on student motivation. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the Kahoot application can be used effectively for gamification of lessons. In conclusion, the gamification method has an impact on students that renders them more ambitious and motivated to study.}, keywords = {achievement, competition, gamification, motivation, O, students}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A novel learning experience that increases student motivation can be created in a learning environment that includes a gamification approach to assess competence. Student views on gamification were surveyed to determine the best application of this method, the environment necessary for its use, and the manner by which the application should proceed. The effect of a gamification approach on student achievement through intra-class competition was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In this study, the Kahoot application was the preferred gamification method used. Participating students included 65 undergraduate students studying at the Department of Preschool Teaching. The findings showed that inclusion of a gamification method increased the interest of students in the class, and increased student ambitions for success. This method was also found to have a positive impact on student motivation. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the Kahoot application can be used effectively for gamification of lessons. In conclusion, the gamification method has an impact on students that renders them more ambitious and motivated to study. |
| Kardas, Michael; O’Brien, Ed: Easier Seen Than Done: Merely Watching Others Perform Can Foster an Illusion of Skill Acquisition. Psychological Science, 29 (4), S. 521-536, 2018. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: empathy gap, O, open data, open materials, preregistered, repeated exposure, self-assessment) Free Access Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #4 @article{Kardas2018, title = {Easier Seen Than Done: Merely Watching Others Perform Can Foster an Illusion of Skill Acquisition}, author = {Michael Kardas and Ed O’Brien}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617740646}, doi = {10.1177/0956797617740646}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-16}, journal = {Psychological Science}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {521-536}, abstract = {Modern technologies such as YouTube afford unprecedented access to the skilled performances of other people. Six experiments (N = 2,225) reveal that repeatedly watching others can foster an illusion of skill acquisition. The more people merely watch others perform (without actually practicing themselves), the more they nonetheless believe they could perform the skill, too (Experiment 1). However, people’s actual abilities—from throwing darts and doing the moonwalk to playing an online game—do not improve after merely watching others, despite predictions to the contrary (Experiments 2–4). What do viewers see that makes them think they are learning? We found that extensive viewing allows people to track what steps to take (Experiment 5) but not how those steps feel when taking them. Accordingly, experiencing a “taste” of performing attenuates the illusion: Watching others juggle but then holding the pins oneself tempers perceived change in one’s own ability (Experiment 6). These findings highlight unforeseen problems for self-assessment when watching other people.}, keywords = {empathy gap, O, open data, open materials, preregistered, repeated exposure, self-assessment}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modern technologies such as YouTube afford unprecedented access to the skilled performances of other people. Six experiments (N = 2,225) reveal that repeatedly watching others can foster an illusion of skill acquisition. The more people merely watch others perform (without actually practicing themselves), the more they nonetheless believe they could perform the skill, too (Experiment 1). However, people’s actual abilities—from throwing darts and doing the moonwalk to playing an online game—do not improve after merely watching others, despite predictions to the contrary (Experiments 2–4). What do viewers see that makes them think they are learning? We found that extensive viewing allows people to track what steps to take (Experiment 5) but not how those steps feel when taking them. Accordingly, experiencing a “taste” of performing attenuates the illusion: Watching others juggle but then holding the pins oneself tempers perceived change in one’s own ability (Experiment 6). These findings highlight unforeseen problems for self-assessment when watching other people. |
| Kemper, Lorenz: Predicting Student Dropout: A Machine Learning Approach. 2018. (Typ: Unveröffentlicht | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: descision trees, dropout, higher education, logistic regression, machine learning, massive open online courses (MOOCs), O, prediction, students, Studienerfolg) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #7 @unpublished{Kemper2018, title = {Predicting Student Dropout: A Machine Learning Approach}, author = {Lorenz Kemper}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322919234_Predicting_Student_Dropout_a_Machine_Learning_Approach}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-01}, urldate = {2018-08-22}, institution = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)}, abstract = {We perform two approaches of machine learning, logistic regression and decision trees, to predict student dropout at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The models are computed on the basis of examination data, i.e. data available at all universities without need of collection. Therefore, we propose a methodical approach that may be put in practice with relative ease at other institutions. Using a Hellinger-Distance splitting approach we find decision trees to produce slightly better results. However, both methods yield high prediction accuracies of up to 95% after three semesters. A classification with more than 83% accuracy is already possible after the first semester. Within our analysis we show, that resampling techniques can improve the detection of at-risk students.}, keywords = {descision trees, dropout, higher education, logistic regression, machine learning, massive open online courses (MOOCs), O, prediction, students, Studienerfolg}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {unpublished} } We perform two approaches of machine learning, logistic regression and decision trees, to predict student dropout at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The models are computed on the basis of examination data, i.e. data available at all universities without need of collection. Therefore, we propose a methodical approach that may be put in practice with relative ease at other institutions. Using a Hellinger-Distance splitting approach we find decision trees to produce slightly better results. However, both methods yield high prediction accuracies of up to 95% after three semesters. A classification with more than 83% accuracy is already possible after the first semester. Within our analysis we show, that resampling techniques can improve the detection of at-risk students. |
| Johnstone, Katelyn; Marquis, Elizabeth; Puri, Varun: Public pedagogy and representations of higher education in popular film: New ground for the scholarship of teaching and learning. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 6 (1), 2018, ISSN: 2167-4787. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: academic identities disciplinary differences, higher education, instructor-student relationships, media representations, O, popular film, public pedagogy) CC BY Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #6 @article{Johnstone2018, title = {Public pedagogy and representations of higher education in popular film: New ground for the scholarship of teaching and learning}, author = {Katelyn Johnstone and Elizabeth Marquis and Varun Puri}, url = {https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.6.1.4}, doi = {10.20343/teachlearninqu.6.1.4}, issn = {2167-4787}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Teaching & Learning Inquiry}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, abstract = {Constructions of teaching, learning, and the university within popular culture can exert an important influence on public understandings of higher education, including those held by faculty and students. As such, they constitute a rich site of inquiry for the scholarship of teaching and learning. Drawing on the notion of film as ‘public pedagogy,’ this article analyses representations of higher education within 11 top grossing and/or critically acclaimed films released in 2014. We identify three broad themes across these texts—the purpose of higher education, relationships between students and professors, and the creation of academic identities—and consider the implications and functions of these representational patterns for teaching, learning, and SoTL. Particular attention is given to the difference between the framing of science and arts and humanities disciplines, and to how this might resonate with the contemporary ‘crisis of the humanities.’}, keywords = {academic identities disciplinary differences, higher education, instructor-student relationships, media representations, O, popular film, public pedagogy}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Constructions of teaching, learning, and the university within popular culture can exert an important influence on public understandings of higher education, including those held by faculty and students. As such, they constitute a rich site of inquiry for the scholarship of teaching and learning. Drawing on the notion of film as ‘public pedagogy,’ this article analyses representations of higher education within 11 top grossing and/or critically acclaimed films released in 2014. We identify three broad themes across these texts—the purpose of higher education, relationships between students and professors, and the creation of academic identities—and consider the implications and functions of these representational patterns for teaching, learning, and SoTL. Particular attention is given to the difference between the framing of science and arts and humanities disciplines, and to how this might resonate with the contemporary ‘crisis of the humanities.’ |
| McGrath, Jillian L; Taekman, Jeffrey M; Dev, Parvati; Danforth, Douglas R; Mohan, Deepika; Kman, Nicholas; Crichlow, Amanda; Bond, William F; Fernandez, Rosemarie; Riker, Shiela; Lemheney, A J; Talbot, Thomas B; Franzen, Douglas; McCoy, Eric C; Chipman, Anne; Parekh, Kendra; Papa, Linda; Harter, Phillip; Frey, Jennifer; Hock, Sara; Kerrigan, Kathleen; Kesawadan, Kesh; Koboldt, Timothy; Kulkornia, Miriam; Mahajan, Prashant; Pusic, Martin; Robinson, Dan; Ruby, David; Kumar, Naveen; Siegelman, Sankaran Jeffrey; Wang, Ernest; Won, Kimberly: Using Virtual Reality Simulation Environments to Assess Competence for Emergency Medicine Learners. Academic Emergency Medicine, 25 (2), S. 186–195, 2017, ISSN: 1553-2712. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Medizin, O, Simulation, Virtual Reality) Free Access Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #2 @article{McGrath2017, title = {Using Virtual Reality Simulation Environments to Assess Competence for Emergency Medicine Learners}, author = {Jillian L. McGrath and Jeffrey M. Taekman and Parvati Dev and Douglas R. Danforth and Deepika Mohan and Nicholas Kman and Amanda Crichlow and William F. Bond and Rosemarie Fernandez and Shiela Riker and A. J. Lemheney and Thomas B. Talbot and Douglas Franzen and C. Eric McCoy and Anne Chipman and Kendra Parekh and Linda Papa and Phillip Harter and Jennifer Frey and Sara Hock and Kathleen Kerrigan and Kesh Kesawadan and Timothy Koboldt and Miriam Kulkornia and Prashant Mahajan and Martin Pusic and Dan Robinson and David Ruby and Naveen Kumar and Sankaran Jeffrey Siegelman and Ernest Wang and Kimberly Won}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acem.13308}, doi = {doi.org/10.1111/acem.13308 }, issn = {1553-2712}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-09}, journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {186--195}, abstract = {Immersive learning environments that use virtual simulation (VS) technology are increasingly relevant as medical learners train in an environment of restricted clinical training hours and a heightened focus on patient safety. We conducted a consensus process with a breakout group of the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Catalyzing System Change Through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes.” This group examined the current uses of VS in training and assessment, including limitations and challenges in implementing VS into medical education curricula. We discuss the role of virtual environments in formative and summative assessment. Finally, we offer recommended areas of focus for future research examining VS technology for assessment, including high‐stakes assessment in medical education. Specifically, we discuss needs for determination of areas of focus for VS training and assessment, development and exploration of virtual platforms, automated feedback within such platforms, and evaluation of effectiveness and validity of VS education.}, keywords = {Medizin, O, Simulation, Virtual Reality}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Immersive learning environments that use virtual simulation (VS) technology are increasingly relevant as medical learners train in an environment of restricted clinical training hours and a heightened focus on patient safety. We conducted a consensus process with a breakout group of the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Catalyzing System Change Through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes.” This group examined the current uses of VS in training and assessment, including limitations and challenges in implementing VS into medical education curricula. We discuss the role of virtual environments in formative and summative assessment. Finally, we offer recommended areas of focus for future research examining VS technology for assessment, including high‐stakes assessment in medical education. Specifically, we discuss needs for determination of areas of focus for VS training and assessment, development and exploration of virtual platforms, automated feedback within such platforms, and evaluation of effectiveness and validity of VS education. |
| Kaynardağ, Aynur Yürekli: Pedagogy in HE: does it matter?. Studies in Higher Education, 44 (1), S. 111–119, 2017, ISSN: 1470-174X. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: competence, higher education, O, pedagogy, quality, training) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #13 @article{Yuerekli17, title = {Pedagogy in HE: does it matter?}, author = {Aynur Yürekli Kaynardağ}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1340444}, doi = {10.1080/03075079.2017.1340444}, issn = {1470-174X}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-19}, urldate = {2019-02-16}, journal = {Studies in Higher Education}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {111–119}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {Pedagogical competencies of instructors play a crucial role in improving the quality of the teaching and learning in higher education institutions. However, in many countries worldwide, pedagogical training is not a requirement for being an instructor at a university [Postareff, L., S. Lindblom-Ylänne, and A. Nevgi. 2007. “The Effect of Pedagogical Training on Teaching in Higher Education.” Teaching and Teacher Education 23: 557–71; Badley, G. 2000. “Developing Globally-Competent University Teachers.” Innovations in Education and Training International 37 (3): 244–53]. This study explores how pedagogical competencies of instructors affect the perceptions of students by focusing on three key dimensions of classroom pedagogy; namely delivery (provision of content and facilitation), communication and assessment. The results of the scale administered to a total of 1083 university students suggests that there are meaningful differences in terms of students’ perceptions regarding their instructors’ pedagogical competencies. The greatest difference is reflected in the ratings of items related to the communication dimension.}, keywords = {competence, higher education, O, pedagogy, quality, training}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pedagogical competencies of instructors play a crucial role in improving the quality of the teaching and learning in higher education institutions. However, in many countries worldwide, pedagogical training is not a requirement for being an instructor at a university [Postareff, L., S. Lindblom-Ylänne, and A. Nevgi. 2007. “The Effect of Pedagogical Training on Teaching in Higher Education.” Teaching and Teacher Education 23: 557–71; Badley, G. 2000. “Developing Globally-Competent University Teachers.” Innovations in Education and Training International 37 (3): 244–53]. This study explores how pedagogical competencies of instructors affect the perceptions of students by focusing on three key dimensions of classroom pedagogy; namely delivery (provision of content and facilitation), communication and assessment. The results of the scale administered to a total of 1083 university students suggests that there are meaningful differences in terms of students’ perceptions regarding their instructors’ pedagogical competencies. The greatest difference is reflected in the ratings of items related to the communication dimension. |
| Yue, Carole L; Castel, Alan D; Bjork, Robert A: When disfluency is—and is not—a desirable difficulty: The influence of typeface clarity on metacognitive judgments and memory. Memory & Cognition, 41 (2), S. 229–241, 2013, ISSN: 1532-5946. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Desirable difficulties, Fluency, Judgments of learning, Metamemory; Memory, O) Open Access Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #11 @article{Yue2013, title = {When disfluency is—and is not—a desirable difficulty: The influence of typeface clarity on metacognitive judgments and memory}, author = {Carole L Yue and Alan D Castel and Robert A Bjork}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-012-0255-8}, doi = {10.3758/s13421-012-0255-8}, issn = {1532-5946}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-02-01}, urldate = {2018-12-21}, journal = {Memory & Cognition}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {229–241}, abstract = {There are many instances in which perceptual disfluency leads to improved memory performance, a phenomenon often referred to as the perceptual-interference effect (e.g., Diemand-Yauman, Oppenheimer, & Vaughn (Cognition 118:111–115, 2010); Nairne (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 14:248–255, 1988)). In some situations, however, perceptual disfluency does not affect memory (Rhodes & Castel (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137:615–625, 2008)), or even impairs memory (Glass, (Psychology and Aging 22:233–238, 2007)). Because of the uncertain effects of perceptual disfluency, it is important to establish when disfluency is a ``desirable difficulty'' (Bjork, 1994) and when it is not, and the degree to which people's judgments of learning (JOLs) reflect the consequences of processing disfluent information. In five experiments, our participants saw multiple lists of blurred and clear words and gave JOLs after each word. The JOLs were consistently higher for the perceptually fluent items in within-subjects designs, which accurately predicted the pattern of recall performance when the presentation time was short (Exps. 1a and 2a). When the final test was recognition or when the presentation time was long, however, we found no difference in recall for clear and blurred words, although JOLs continued to be higher for clear words (Exps. 2b and 3). When fluency was manipulated between subjects, neither JOLs nor recall varied between formats (Exp. 1b). This study suggests a boundary condition for the desirable difficulty of perceptual disfluency and indicates that a visual distortion, such as blurring a word, may not always induce the deeper processing necessary to create a perceptual-interference effect.}, keywords = {Desirable difficulties, Fluency, Judgments of learning, Metamemory; Memory, O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There are many instances in which perceptual disfluency leads to improved memory performance, a phenomenon often referred to as the perceptual-interference effect (e.g., Diemand-Yauman, Oppenheimer, & Vaughn (Cognition 118:111–115, 2010); Nairne (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 14:248–255, 1988)). In some situations, however, perceptual disfluency does not affect memory (Rhodes & Castel (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137:615–625, 2008)), or even impairs memory (Glass, (Psychology and Aging 22:233–238, 2007)). Because of the uncertain effects of perceptual disfluency, it is important to establish when disfluency is a ``desirable difficulty'' (Bjork, 1994) and when it is not, and the degree to which people's judgments of learning (JOLs) reflect the consequences of processing disfluent information. In five experiments, our participants saw multiple lists of blurred and clear words and gave JOLs after each word. The JOLs were consistently higher for the perceptually fluent items in within-subjects designs, which accurately predicted the pattern of recall performance when the presentation time was short (Exps. 1a and 2a). When the final test was recognition or when the presentation time was long, however, we found no difference in recall for clear and blurred words, although JOLs continued to be higher for clear words (Exps. 2b and 3). When fluency was manipulated between subjects, neither JOLs nor recall varied between formats (Exp. 1b). This study suggests a boundary condition for the desirable difficulty of perceptual disfluency and indicates that a visual distortion, such as blurring a word, may not always induce the deeper processing necessary to create a perceptual-interference effect. |
| Sawyer, Keith R: Explaining Creativity: The Science of Human Innovation. 2, Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN: 9780199737574. (Typ: Buch | Abstract | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Brainstorming, Mythen, O) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #14 @book{Sawyer2012, title = {Explaining Creativity: The Science of Human Innovation}, author = {R. Keith Sawyer}, isbn = {9780199737574}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-12}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, edition = {2}, abstract = {Explaining Creativity is an accessible introduction to the latest scientific research on creativity. In the last 50 years, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists have increasingly studied creativity, and we now know more about creativity than at any point in history. It considers not only arts like painting and writing, but also science, stage performance, and business innovation. Until about a decade ago, creativity researchers tended to focus on highly valued activities like fine art painting and Nobel prize winning science. Sawyer brings this research up to date by including movies, music videos, cartoons, video games, hypertext fiction, and computer technology. For example, this is the first book on creativity to include studies of performance and improvisation. Sawyer draws on the latest research findings to show the importance of collaboration and context in all of these creative activities. Today's science of creativity is interdisciplinary; in addition to psychological studies of creativity the book includes research by anthropologists on creativity in non-Western cultures, and research by sociologists about the situation, contexts, and networks of creative activity. It brings these approaches together within the sociocultural approach to creativity pioneered by Howard Becker, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Howard Gardner. The sociocultural approach moves beyond the individual to consider the social and cultural contexts of creativity, emphasizing the role of collaboration and context in the creative process.}, keywords = {Brainstorming, Mythen, O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Explaining Creativity is an accessible introduction to the latest scientific research on creativity. In the last 50 years, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists have increasingly studied creativity, and we now know more about creativity than at any point in history. It considers not only arts like painting and writing, but also science, stage performance, and business innovation. Until about a decade ago, creativity researchers tended to focus on highly valued activities like fine art painting and Nobel prize winning science. Sawyer brings this research up to date by including movies, music videos, cartoons, video games, hypertext fiction, and computer technology. For example, this is the first book on creativity to include studies of performance and improvisation. Sawyer draws on the latest research findings to show the importance of collaboration and context in all of these creative activities. Today's science of creativity is interdisciplinary; in addition to psychological studies of creativity the book includes research by anthropologists on creativity in non-Western cultures, and research by sociologists about the situation, contexts, and networks of creative activity. It brings these approaches together within the sociocultural approach to creativity pioneered by Howard Becker, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Howard Gardner. The sociocultural approach moves beyond the individual to consider the social and cultural contexts of creativity, emphasizing the role of collaboration and context in the creative process. |
| Oppenheimer, Daniel M; Yauman, Connor Diemand; Vaughan, Erikka B: Fortune Favors the Bold (and the Italicized): Effects of Disfluency on Educational Outcomes. Cognition, 32 , S. 2739–2742, 2010, ISSN: 0010-0277. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Desirable difficulties, Education, Fluency, O) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #11 @article{Oppenheimer, title = {Fortune Favors the Bold (and the Italicized): Effects of Disfluency on Educational Outcomes}, author = {Daniel M. Oppenheimer and Connor Diemand Yauman and Erikka B. Vaughan}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.012}, issn = {0010-0277}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {32}, pages = {2739–2742}, abstract = {Previous research has shown that disfluency – the subjective experience of difficulty associated with cognitive operations – leads to deeper processing. Two studies explore the extent to which this deeper processing engendered by disfluency interventions can lead to improved memory performance. Study 1 found that information in hard-to-read fonts was better remembered than easier to read information in a controlled laboratory setting. Study 2 extended this finding to high school classrooms. The results suggest that superficial changes to learning materials could yield significant improvements in educational outcomes.}, keywords = {Desirable difficulties, Education, Fluency, O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Previous research has shown that disfluency – the subjective experience of difficulty associated with cognitive operations – leads to deeper processing. Two studies explore the extent to which this deeper processing engendered by disfluency interventions can lead to improved memory performance. Study 1 found that information in hard-to-read fonts was better remembered than easier to read information in a controlled laboratory setting. Study 2 extended this finding to high school classrooms. The results suggest that superficial changes to learning materials could yield significant improvements in educational outcomes. |
| Lalley, James P; Miller, Robert H: The Learning Pyramid: Does it point teachers in the right direction?. Education, 128 (1), S. 64–79, 2007, ISSN: 0013-1172. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: learning pyramide, Mythen, O) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #13 @article{Lalley2019, title = {The Learning Pyramid: Does it point teachers in the right direction?}, author = {James P. Lalley and Robert H. Miller}, url = {http://www.impudent.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lalley-Miller-TheLearningPyramid-Education-200709-.pdf}, issn = {0013-1172}, year = {2007}, date = {2007-09-01}, journal = {Education}, volume = {128}, number = {1}, pages = {64–79}, abstract = {This paper raises serious questions about the reliability of the learning pyramid as a guide to retention among students. The pyramid suggests that certain teaching methods are connected with a corresponding hierarchy of student retention. No specific credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, which is loosely associated with the theory proposed by the well-respected researcher, Edgar Dale. Dale is credited with creating the Cone of Experience in 1946. The Cone was designed to represent the importance of altering teaching methods in relation to student background knowledge: it suggests a continuum of methods not a hierarchy. While no credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, clear research on retention was discovered regarding the importance of each of the pyramid levels: each of the methods identified by the pyramid resulted in retention, with none being consistently superior to the others and all being effective in certain contexts. A key conclusion from the literature reviewed rests with the critical importance of the teacher as a knowledgeable decision maker for choosing instructional methods. (Contains 3 figures.)}, keywords = {learning pyramide, Mythen, O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper raises serious questions about the reliability of the learning pyramid as a guide to retention among students. The pyramid suggests that certain teaching methods are connected with a corresponding hierarchy of student retention. No specific credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, which is loosely associated with the theory proposed by the well-respected researcher, Edgar Dale. Dale is credited with creating the Cone of Experience in 1946. The Cone was designed to represent the importance of altering teaching methods in relation to student background knowledge: it suggests a continuum of methods not a hierarchy. While no credible research was uncovered to support the pyramid, clear research on retention was discovered regarding the importance of each of the pyramid levels: each of the methods identified by the pyramid resulted in retention, with none being consistently superior to the others and all being effective in certain contexts. A key conclusion from the literature reviewed rests with the critical importance of the teacher as a knowledgeable decision maker for choosing instructional methods. (Contains 3 figures.) |
| Nemeth, Charlan J; Personnaz, Bernard; Personnaz, Marie; Goncalo, Jack A: The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34 (4), S. 365–374, 2004. (Typ: Artikel | Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Brainstorming, Mythen, O) Copyright Besprochen in Bldg-Alt-Entf #14 @article{Nemeth2004, title = {The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries}, author = {Charlan J. Nemeth and Bernard Personnaz and Marie Personnaz and Jack A. Goncalo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.210 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252896556_The_liberating_role_of_conflict_in_group_creativity_A_study_in_two_countries}, doi = {10.1002/ejsp.210}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-07-02}, journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {365–374}, abstract = {Researchers of group creativity have noted problems such as social loafing, production blocking, and especially, evaluation apprehension. Thus, brainstorming techniques have specifically admonished people ‘not to criticize’ their own and others' ideas, a tenet that has gone unexamined. In contrast, there is research showing that dissent, debate and competing views have positive value, stimulating divergent and creative thought. Perhaps more importantly, we suggest that the permission to criticize and debate may encourage an atmosphere conducive to idea generation. In this experimental study, traditional brainstorming instructions, including the advice of not criticizing, were compared with instructions encouraging people to debate—even criticize. A third condition served as a control. This study was conducted both in the United States and in France. Results show the value of both types of instruction, but, in general, debate instructions were superior to traditional brainstorming instructions. Further, these findings hold across both cultures. Results are discussed in terms of the potential positive value of encouraging debate and controversy for idea generation.}, keywords = {Brainstorming, Mythen, O}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Researchers of group creativity have noted problems such as social loafing, production blocking, and especially, evaluation apprehension. Thus, brainstorming techniques have specifically admonished people ‘not to criticize’ their own and others' ideas, a tenet that has gone unexamined. In contrast, there is research showing that dissent, debate and competing views have positive value, stimulating divergent and creative thought. Perhaps more importantly, we suggest that the permission to criticize and debate may encourage an atmosphere conducive to idea generation. In this experimental study, traditional brainstorming instructions, including the advice of not criticizing, were compared with instructions encouraging people to debate—even criticize. A third condition served as a control. This study was conducted both in the United States and in France. Results show the value of both types of instruction, but, in general, debate instructions were superior to traditional brainstorming instructions. Further, these findings hold across both cultures. Results are discussed in terms of the potential positive value of encouraging debate and controversy for idea generation. |
