Butler, Andrew C.
Multiple-Choice Testing in Education: Are the Best Practices for Assessment Also Good for Learning? Artikel
In: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Bd. 7, Nr. 3, S. 323–331, 2018, ISSN: 2211-3681.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Assessment, Learning, Multiple-choice, O, Testing
@article{Butler2018,
title = {Multiple-Choice Testing in Education: Are the Best Practices for Assessment Also Good for Learning?},
author = {Andrew C. Butler},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.07.002
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368118301426},
doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.07.002},
issn = {2211-3681},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-31},
urldate = {2018-10-20},
journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {323–331},
abstract = {Multiple-choice tests are arguably the most popular type of assessment in education, and much research has been dedicated to determining best practices for using them to measure learning. The act of taking a test also causes learning, and numerous studies have investigated how best to use multiple-choice tests to improve long-term retention and produce deeper understanding. In this review article, I explore whether the best practices for assessment align with the best practices for learning. Although consensus between these two literatures is not a foregone conclusion, there is substantial agreement in how best to construct and use multiple-choice tests for these two disparate purposes. The overall recommendation from both literatures is to create questions that are simple in format (e.g., avoid use of complex item types), challenge students but allow them to succeed often, and target specific cognitive processes that correspond to learning objectives.},
keywords = {Assessment, Learning, Multiple-choice, O, Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Multiple-choice tests are arguably the most popular type of assessment in education, and much research has been dedicated to determining best practices for using them to measure learning. The act of taking a test also causes learning, and numerous studies have investigated how best to use multiple-choice tests to improve long-term retention and produce deeper understanding. In this review article, I explore whether the best practices for assessment align with the best practices for learning. Although consensus between these two literatures is not a foregone conclusion, there is substantial agreement in how best to construct and use multiple-choice tests for these two disparate purposes. The overall recommendation from both literatures is to create questions that are simple in format (e.g., avoid use of complex item types), challenge students but allow them to succeed often, and target specific cognitive processes that correspond to learning objectives.
III, Henry L. Roediger; Putnam, Adam L.; Smith, Megan A.
Chapter One - Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice Buchabschnitt
In: Mestre, Jose P.; Ross, Brian H. (Hrsg.): Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Bd. 55, S. 1–36, Academic Press, 2011, ISSN: 0079-7421.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Learning and Transfer, Retention, Retrieval, Testing
@incollection{Roediger2011,
title = {Chapter One - Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice},
author = {Henry L. Roediger III and Adam L. Putnam and Megan A. Smith},
editor = {Jose P. Mestre and Brian H. Ross},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00001-6},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00001-6},
issn = {0079-7421},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
urldate = {2018-06-13},
booktitle = {Psychology of Learning and Motivation},
volume = {55},
pages = {1–36},
publisher = {Academic Press},
series = {Psychology of Learning and Motivation},
abstract = {Testing in school is usually done for purposes of assessment, to assign students grades (from tests in classrooms) or rank them in terms of abilities (in standardized tests). Yet tests can serve other purposes in educational settings that greatly improve performance; this chapter reviews 10 other benefits of testing. Retrieval practice occurring during tests can greatly enhance retention of the retrieved information (relative to no testing or even to restudying). Furthermore, besides its durability, such repeated retrieval produces knowledge that can be retrieved flexibly and transferred to other situations. On open-ended assessments (such as essay tests), retrieval practice required by tests can help students organize information and form a coherent knowledge base. Retrieval of some information on a test can also lead to easier retrieval of related information, at least on delayed tests. Besides these direct effects of testing, there are also indirect effects that are quite positive. If students are quizzed frequently, they tend to study more and with more regularity. Quizzes also permit students to discover gaps in their knowledge and focus study efforts on difficult material; furthermore, when students study after taking a test, they learn more from the study episode than if they had not taken the test. Quizzing also enables better metacognitive monitoring for both students and teachers because it provides feedback as to how well learning is progressing. Greater learning would occur in educational settings if students used self-testing as a study strategy and were quizzed more frequently in class.},
keywords = {Learning and Transfer, Retention, Retrieval, Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Testing in school is usually done for purposes of assessment, to assign students grades (from tests in classrooms) or rank them in terms of abilities (in standardized tests). Yet tests can serve other purposes in educational settings that greatly improve performance; this chapter reviews 10 other benefits of testing. Retrieval practice occurring during tests can greatly enhance retention of the retrieved information (relative to no testing or even to restudying). Furthermore, besides its durability, such repeated retrieval produces knowledge that can be retrieved flexibly and transferred to other situations. On open-ended assessments (such as essay tests), retrieval practice required by tests can help students organize information and form a coherent knowledge base. Retrieval of some information on a test can also lead to easier retrieval of related information, at least on delayed tests. Besides these direct effects of testing, there are also indirect effects that are quite positive. If students are quizzed frequently, they tend to study more and with more regularity. Quizzes also permit students to discover gaps in their knowledge and focus study efforts on difficult material; furthermore, when students study after taking a test, they learn more from the study episode than if they had not taken the test. Quizzing also enables better metacognitive monitoring for both students and teachers because it provides feedback as to how well learning is progressing. Greater learning would occur in educational settings if students used self-testing as a study strategy and were quizzed more frequently in class.