Bibliothek

@article{Hilton2019,
title = {Open educational resources, student efficacy, and user perceptions: a synthesis of research published between 2015 and 2018},
author = {John Hilton},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09700-4},
doi = {10.1007/s11423-019-09700-4},
issn = {1556-6501},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-06},
journal = {Educational Technology Research and Development},
abstract = {Although textbooks are a traditional component in many higher education contexts, their increasing price have led many students to forgo purchasing them and some faculty to seek substitutes. One such alternative is open educational resources (OER). This present study synthesizes results from sixteen efficacy and twenty perceptions studies involving 121,168 students or faculty that examine either (1) OER and student efficacy in higher education settings or (2) the perceptions of college students and/or instructors who have used OER. Results across these studies suggest students achieve the same or better learning outcomes when using OER while saving significant amounts of money. The results also indicate that the majority of faculty and students who have used OER had a positive experience and would do so again.},
keywords = {A, Computers in education, Financing education, O, OER, open educational resources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@online{Wikipedianer2019AdaLovelace,
title = {Ada Lovelace},
author = {Wikipedianer},
url = {https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ada_Lovelace&oldid=189780475},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-22},
urldate = {2019-06-27},
keywords = {A, Ada Lovelace},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}

@inproceedings{Leitner2019,
title = {Experiences with a MOOC-platform – Who are our learners and what do they think about MOOCs?},
author = {Philipp Leitner and Martin Ebner},
url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2356/
http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2356/experience_short14.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333446168_Experiences_with_a_MOOC-platform_-Who_are_our_learners_and_what_do_they_think_about_MOOCs},
issn = {1613-0073},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-20},
urldate = {2019-08-08},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Work in Progress Papers of the Research, Experience and Business Tracks at EMOOCs 2019},
volume = {2356},
abstract = {iMooX, the first and currently only Austrian MOOC platform, has been hosting xMOOCs since 2014. Directly after the start a survey of the first three MOOCs was conducted and published in 2015. In the meantime, the MOOC platform contains more than 45 courses and serves many thousands of learners. Therefore, we are investigating, if there is a change towards the learners themselves, their expectations and experiences regarding learning with MOOCs as well as with the platform. Using the exact same survey as years before it can be shown that there are little changes in the right directions or maybe it can be concluded that learning with MOOCs became more common to a broader public, at least in the academic world.},
keywords = {A, iMooX, massive open online courses (MOOCs), online survey, quantitative assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Neuböck2019,
title = {What do we know about typical MOOC participants? First insights from the field},
author = {Kristina Neuböck and Michael Kopp and Martin Ebner},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276473928_What_do_we_know_about_typical_MOOC_participants_First_insights_from_the_field},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-20},
urldate = {2019-08-08},
booktitle = {Proceedings of eMOOCs 2015 conference},
pages = {183–190},
address = {Mons},
abstract = {assive Open Online Courses became a worldwide phenomenon. Especially in Central Europe it is a subject of debates whether universities should invest more money or not. This research study likes to give first answers about typical MOOC participants based on data from different field studies of the Austrian MOOC-platform iMooX.
It can be pointed out that the typical learner is a student or an adult learner, strongly interested in the course topic or just interested in learning with media and finally with self- contained learning competencies. The research work concludes that MOOCs broaden the educational field for universities and are a possibility to educate the public in a long run.},
keywords = {A, iMooX, massive open online courses (MOOCs), online survey, quantitative assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@article{Lemke2019,
title = {“When You Use Social Media You Are Not Working”: Barriers for the Use of Metrics in Social Sciences},
author = {Steffen Lemke and Maryam Mehrazar and Athanasios Mazarakis and Isabella Peters},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2018.00039},
doi = {10.3389/frma.2018.00039},
issn = {2504–0537},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-08},
journal = {Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics},
volume = {3},
pages = {39},
abstract = {The Social Sciences have long been struggling with quantitative forms of research assessment – insufficient coverage in prominent citation indices and overall lower citation counts than in STM subject areas have led to a widespread weariness regarding bibliometric evaluations among social scientists. Fueled by the rise of the social web, new hope is often placed on alternative metrics that measure the attention scholarly publications receive online, in particular on social media. But almost a decade after the coining of the term altmetrics for this new group of indicators, the uptake of the concept in the Social Sciences still seems to be low. Just like with traditional bibliometric indicators, one central problem hindering the applicability of altmetrics for the Social Sciences is the low coverage of social science publications on the respective data sources – which in the case of altmetrics are the various social media platforms on which interactions with scientific outputs can be measured. Another reason is that social scientists have strong opinions about the usefulness of metrics for research evaluation which may hinder broad acceptance of altmetrics too.
We conducted qualitative interviews and online surveys with researchers to identify the concerns which inhibit the use of social media and the utilization of metrics for research evaluation in the Social Sciences. By analyzing the response data from the interviews in conjunction with the response data from the surveys, we identify the key concerns that inhibit social scientists from (1) applying social media for professional purposes and (2) making use of the wide array of metrics available.
Our findings show that aspects of time consumption, privacy, dealing with information overload, and prevalent styles of communication are predominant concerns inhibiting Social Science researchers from using social media platforms for their work. Regarding indicators for research impact we identify a widespread lack of knowledge about existing metrics, their methodologies and meanings as a major hindrance for their uptake through social scientists. The results have implications for future developments of scholarly online tools and show that researchers could benefit considerably from additional formal training regarding the correct application and interpretation of metrics.},
keywords = {A, altmetrics, bibliometrics, concerns, interviews, online survey, research assessment, social media usage},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@online{Klexikon2019adaLovelace,
title = {Ada Lovelace},
author = {Klexikonianer},
url = {https://klexikon.zum.de/index.php?title=Ada_Lovelace&oldid=88296},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-31},
urldate = {2019-06-27},
keywords = {A, Ada Lovelace},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}

@online{Wikipedia2019Kopernikus,
title = {Nikolaus Kopernikus},
author = {Wikipedianer},
url = {https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Kopernikus&oldid=184010871},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-25},
urldate = {2019-02-16},
organization = {Wikipedia},
keywords = {A, Astronomie, Nikolaus Kopernikus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}

@online{Klexikon2019Kopernikus,
title = {Nikolaus Kopernikus},
author = {Klexikonianer},
url = {https://klexikon.zum.de/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Kopernikus&oldid=83283},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-28},
urldate = {2019-02-16},
keywords = {A, Astronomie, Nikolaus Kopernikus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}

@proceedings{wolters2018,
title = {Entwicklung einer effizienten Integrationslösung zur Bereitstellung von Vorlesungsfolien in hochschulischer Präsenzlehre},
author = {Christian Wolters and Nadine Flegel and Michael Herczeg},
editor = {Detlef Krömker and Ulrik Schroeder},
isbn = {978-3-88579-678-7},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-01},
booktitle = {DeLFI 2018 - Die 16. E-Learning Fachtagung Informatik},
pages = {81–92},
publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},
address = {Bonn},
abstract = {Zur Arbeit mit digitalen Vorlesungsfolien in hochschulischer Präsenzlehre gehört nach der Vorbereitung und Präsentation auch das Bereitstellen und Verbreiten von Foliensätzen. Bei der Pflege des Präsentationsmediums und dessen Export aus dem Autorenwerkzeug in ein Learning Management System (LMS) können auf Grund nicht vorhandener Integration der beteiligten Systeme selbst bei kleinen Änderungen hohe Aufwände entstehen. Um das Optimierungspotential einer Integration zu untersuchen, wurde eine LTI-Schnittstelle zwischen einem web-basierten Autorenwerkzeug zur Erstellung von Vorlesungsfolien und einem LMS geschaffen und mit einem nicht-optimierten Arbeitsablauf verglichen. Im Rahmen eines menschzentrierten Entwicklungsprozesses wurde eine prototypische Integrationslösung entwickelt, die sowohl aufgabenorientiert, mittels GOMS-Analyse, als auch benutzerorientiert in einer Laborstudie evaluiert wurde.},
keywords = {A, GOMS-Analyse, LTI, Moodle, Präsenzlehre, Usability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}

@article{Hessler2018,
title = {Availability of cookies during an academic course session affects evaluation of teaching},
author = {Michael Hessler and Daniel M Pöpping and Hanna Hollstein and Hendrik Ohlenburg and Philip H Arnemann and Christina Massoth and Laura M Seidel and Alexander Zarbock and Manuel Wenk},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13627},
doi = {10.1111/medu.13627},
issn = {1365-2923},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-29},
urldate = {2018-11-19},
journal = {Medical Education},
volume = {52},
number = {10},
pages = {1064–1072},
abstract = {Objectives Results from end-of-course student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are taken seriously by faculties and form part of a decision base for the recruitment of academic staff, the distribution of funds and changes to curricula. However, there is some doubt as to whether these evaluation instruments accurately measure the quality of course content, teaching and knowledge transfer. We investigated whether the provision of chocolate cookies as a content-unrelated intervention influences SET results. Methods We performed a randomised controlled trial in the setting of a curricular emergency medicine course. Participants were 118 third-year medical students. Participants were randomly allocated into 20 groups, 10 of which had free access to 500 g of chocolate cookies during an emergency medicine course session (cookie group) and 10 of which did not (control group). All groups were taught by the same teachers. Educational content and course material were the same for both groups. After the course, all students were asked to complete a 38-question evaluation form. Results A total of 112 students completed the evaluation form. The cookie group evaluated teachers significantly better than the control group (113.4 ± 4.9 versus 109.2 ± 7.3; p = 0.001, effect size 0.68). Course material was considered better (10.1 ± 2.3 versus 8.4 ± 2.8; p = 0.001, effect size 0.66) and summation scores evaluating the course overall were significantly higher (224.5 ± 12.5 versus 217.2 ± 16.1; p = 0.008, effect size 0.51) in the cookie group. Conclusions The provision of chocolate cookies had a significant effect on course evaluation. These findings question the validity of SETs and their use in making widespread decisions within a faculty.},
keywords = {A, cookies, evaluation, influence, teaching},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{MacLeod2018,
title = {The mitigating effect of repeated memory reactivations on forgetting},
author = {Sydney MacLeod and Michael G. Reynolds and Hugo Lehmann},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0025-x},
doi = {10.1038/s41539-018-0025-x},
issn = {2056-7936},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-24},
urldate = {2018-06-12},
journal = {npj Science of Learning},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
abstract = {Memory reactivation is a process whereby cueing or recalling a long-term memory makes it enter a new active and labile state. Substantial evidence suggests that during this state the memory can be updated (e.g., adding information) and can become more vulnerable to disruption (e.g., brain insult). Memory reactivations can also prevent memory decay or forgetting. However, it is unclear whether cueing recall of a feature or component of the memory can benefit retention similarly to promoting recall of the entire memory. We examined this possibility by having participants view a series of neutral images and then randomly assigning them to one of four reactivation groups: control (no reactivation), distractor (reactivation of experimental procedures), component (image category reactivation), and descriptive (effortful description of the images). The experiment also included three retention intervals: 1 h, 9 days, and 28 days. Importantly, the participants received three reactivations equally spaced within their respective retention interval. At the end of the interval, all the participants were given an in-lab free-recall test in which they were asked to write down each image they remembered with as many details as possible. The data revealed that both the participants in the descriptive reactivation and component reactivation groups remembered significantly more than the participants in the control groups, with the effect being most pronounced in the 28-day retention interval condition. These findings suggest that memory reactivation, even component reactivation of a memory, makes memories more resistant to decay.},
keywords = {A, memory, psychology, recall, remember, repetition},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@inproceedings{Khalil2018,
title = {Gamification in MOOCs: A Review of the State of the Art (Draft)},
author = {Mohammad Khalil and Jacqueline Wong and Björn de Koning and Martin Ebner and Fred Paas},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324528892_Gamification_in_MOOCs_A_Review_of_the_State_of_the_Art},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
urldate = {2018-05-16},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference},
pages = {1635–1644},
address = {Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spains},
abstract = {A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is a type of online learning environment that has the potential to increase students' access to education. However, the low completion rates in MOOCs suggest that student engagement and progression in the courses are problematic. Following the increasing adoption of gamification in education, it is possible that gamification can also be effectively adopted in MOOCs to enhance students' motivation and increase completion rates. Yet at present, the extent to which gamification has been examined in MOOCs is not known. Considering the myriad gamification elements that can be adopted in MOOCs (e.g., leaderboards and digital badges), this theoretical research study reviews scholarly publications examining gamification of MOOCs. The main purpose is to provide an overview of studies on gamification in MOOCs, types of research studies, theories applied, gamification elements implemented, methods of implementation, the overall impact of gamification in MOOCs, and the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners when implementing gamification in MOOCs. The results of the literature study indicate that research on gamification in MOOCs is in its early stages. While there are only a handful of empirical research studies, results of the experiments generally showed a positive relation between gamification and student motivation and engagement. It is concluded that there is a need for further studies using educational theories to account for the effects of employing gamification in MOOCs.},
keywords = {A, gamification, literature review, massive open online courses (MOOCs)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@article{Friedrichs2018,
title = {Smartphones im Unterricht – Wollen das Schülerinnen und Schüler überhaupt?! Eine explorative Studie zum Smartphone-Einsatz an weiterführenden Schulen aus der Sicht von Schülerinnen und Schülern},
author = {Henrike Friedrichs-Liesenkötter and Philip Karsch},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/31/2018.03.30.X},
doi = {10.21240/mpaed/31/2018.03.30.X},
issn = {1424-3636},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-28},
journal = {MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung},
volume = {31},
number = {März},
pages = {107–124},
abstract = {Mit Blick auf empirische Studien zum Einsatz digitaler Medien in Schulen werden bisher vor allem die Haltungen von Lehrpersonen in den Blick genommen und die Haltungen von Schülerinnen und Schüler gegenüber digitalen Medien in der Schule kaum betrachtet. An diesem Forschungsdesiderat anknüpfend, wurde im Juni/Juli 2015 eine explorative qualitative Studie durchgeführt, in der zwei Gruppendiskussionen mit Schülerinnen und Schülern weiterführender Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt wurden. Mittels der dokumentarischen Methode nach Bohnsack (2013) wurden die medienbezogenen Haltungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler im Hinblick auf die Nutzung digitaler Medien und spezifisch des Smartphones in der Schule rekonstruiert. Ein zentrales Ergebnis der Studie ist eine kritisch-reflexive Haltung der Schülerinnen und Schüler und der Wunsch nach einem auf spezifische Unterrichtsphasen beschränkten Einsatz digitaler Medien.},
keywords = {A, classroom, digitalization, mobile learning, school, Smartphones, teaching},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Warm2018,
title = {Was macht Lehre „ausgezeichnet“? Merkmale und Handlungspraktiken exzellenter Lehrender aus Studierendensicht},
author = {Johanna Warm and Oliver Vettori},
url = {https://www.zfhe.at/index.php/zfhe/article/view/1100},
issn = {2219-6994},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-07},
journal = {Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
abstract = {Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Studierende Exzellenz in der Lehre fassen. Auf Basis von Begründungen, die Studierende an der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien im Rahmen eines Lehrpreises für ausgezeichnete Lehrende abgegeben haben, wurden fünf Typen konstruiert, die Aufschluss darüber geben, welche Zugänge zum Thema Exzellenz die Studierenden wählen und anhand welcher Kriterien sie selbige beurteilen. Neben der eingehenden Vorstellung dieser fünf Typen diskutiert der Beitrag auch kritisch, welche Handlungsempfehlungen aus solchen Ergebnissen ableitbar sind – bzw. wo die Grenzen solcher Handlungsempfehlungen liegen.},
keywords = {A, evidenzorientierte Qualitätsentwicklung, Exzellente Lehre, Hochschullehre, Studierendenkonzeptionen},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Hahm2019,
title = {Das Potenzial administrativer Daten für das Qualitätsmanagement an Hochschulen},
author = {Sabrina Hahm and Johanna Storck},
url = {https://www.zfhe.at/index.php/zfhe/article/view/1113},
issn = {2219-6994},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-07},
urldate = {2019-05-25},
journal = {Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
address = {Graz},
abstract = {Der Beitrag beschreibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Analyse administrativer Daten der Studierenden- und Prüfungsverwaltung für die evidenzorientierte Qualitätsentwicklung in der Hochschullehre. Es werden sowohl Verfahren zur explorativen Datenanalyse als auch zur Kausalanalyse vorgestellt und am Beispiel von entsprechenden Untersuchungen an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) illustriert.},
keywords = {A, Administrative Daten, datengestütztes Qualitätsmanagement, Kausalanalysen, Studienverlaufsanalysen},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Wiemeyer2018jfhm,
title = {Die eigene Lehre erforschen – Lohnt sich der Aufwand?},
author = {Josef Wiemeyer},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-5-46586},
issn = {1860-7470},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
journal = {eleed},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
institution = {Fernuniversität in Hagen},
abstract = {Digitale Medien bieten nicht nur neue Optionen für Lehr-Lernprozesse. Vielmehr werden durch digitale Medien häufig auch Daten generiert, die wertvolle Informationen über das Lernverhalten liefern können, welche ohne Einsatz dieser Medien nicht verfügbar wären. Allerdings sind diese „Oberflächendaten“ schwer zu interpretieren. An vier Beispielen (Interaktivität, Selbstreguliertes Lernen, Audience-Response-System mit Lernspielen und Pädagogische Agenten) soll in diesem Beitrag die Ambivalenz mediendidaktischer Feldforschung aufgezeigt werden: Es zeigten sich einerseits die üblichen Beschränkungen dieser Art von Forschung (z. B. Bedingungskontrolle, fehlende Randomisierung, Selbstselektion und Konfundierungen), andererseits konnte die differenzielle Wirkung der oben erwähnten Medien offengelegt werden. Dem erhöhten Aufwand an Personal, Material und Zeit steht ein Erkenntnisgewinn bzgl. der Effekte des eigenen Lehrens gegenüber, der zur weiteren Verbesserung genutzt werden kann.},
howpublished = {Tagungsband des Jungen Forums für Medien und Hochschulentwicklung 2016},
type = {Keynote},
keywords = {A, Audience-Response-Systeme, e-learning, evaluation, Forschendes Lehren, Interaktivität, Pädagogische Agenten, Selbstgesteuertes Lernen, Sportwissenschaften, Studium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Huynh2017,
title = {An Analysis of Winning Streak's Effects in Language Course of "Duolingo"},
author = {Duy Huynh and Hiroyuki Iida},
url = {http://ejournals.ukm.my/apjitm/article/view/18800/7040},
issn = {2289-2192},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2018-04-22},
journal = {Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {23--29},
abstract = {This paper explores the effects of the winning streak on users' motivation and engagement in Duolingo's language course. The winning streak has been used in sport and video games to describe a consecutive number of successful actions and increase players' attention to complete their goal. Similarly, in gamified education system, the winning streak is employed as a game element to boost up motivation of learners. By applying game refinement theory as an assessment method, enjoyment of two user groups in Duolingo is measured to compare. The results indicate that the winning streak can boost up learners' motivation and attention to complete their goals. It also expressed that the winning streak is more significant for advanced learners who are in the high level of milestone than those who are in the low level of milestone.},
keywords = {A, Duolingo, game theory, gamification, language learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@proceedings{Renz2017,
title = {Automatisierte Qualitätssicherung in MOOCs durch Learning Analytics},
author = {Jan Renz and Tobias Rohloff and Christoph Meinel},
editor = {Carsten Ullrich and Martin Wessner},
url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2092/paper24.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325226167_Automatisierte_Qualitatssicherung_in_MOOCs_durch_Learning_Analytics
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321105881_Automatisierte_Qualitatssicherung_in_MOOCs_durch_Learning_Analytics},
issn = {1613-0073},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-05},
urldate = {2018-12-20},
series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
abstract = {Dieser Beitrag beschreibt wie mithilfe von Learning Analytics Daten eine automatisierte Qualitätssicherung in MOOCs durchgeführt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse sind auch für andere skalierende E-Learning Systeme anwendbar. Hierfür wird zunächst beschrieben, wie in den untersuchten Systemen (die als verteilte Dienste in einer Microservice-Architektur implementiert sind) Learning Analytics Werkzeuge umgesetzt sind. Darauf aufbauend werden Konzept und Implementierung einer automatisierten Qualitätssicherung beschrieben. In einer ersten Evaluation wird die Nutzung der Funktion auf einer Instanz der am HPI entwickelten MOOC-Plattform untersucht. Anschließend wird ein Ausblick auf Erweiterungen und zukünftige Forschungsfragen gegeben.},
howpublished = {Proceedings of DeLFI and GMWWorkshops 2017, Chemnitz, Germany, September 5, 2017},
keywords = {A, learning analytics, massive open online courses (MOOCs), Qualitätssicherung, quality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}

@article{Finardi2016,
title = {Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Affordances and Limitations of Duolingo},
author = {Kyria Rebeca Finardi and Roberta Gomes Leao and Gabriel Brito Amorim},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5296/elr.v2i2.9842},
doi = {10.5296/elr.v2i2.9842},
issn = {2377-1356},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-11},
urldate = {2018-04-22},
journal = {Education and Linguistics Research},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
abstract = {This study aimed at analyzing how mobile assisted language learning (MALL) may be used to aid second/foreign language (L2) learning. So as to reach this goal, the Duolingo platform, one of the most popular apps among L2 learners, was analyzed in terms of its possibilities and limitations for L2 learning as perceived by its users. With that aim, a study was carried out with 80 participants, 45 of whom were L2 learners who answered an online survey about their preferences for L2 learning, 25 MALL users and 10 L2 teachers who were interviewed. Data analysis used a mixed methods design with predominantly qualitative data. Results of the study showed that participants recognize the relevance of MALL for L2 learning and think that the Duolingo may aid L2 learning to a certain extent, but agree that a teacher is necessary to foster interaction and the development of production skills in L2. Based on these results the study concluded that L2 teachers should consider using blended approaches combining MALL in traditional classes.},
keywords = {A, Duolingo, evaluation, language learning, mobile learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Blackler2016,
title = {Life Is Too Short to RTFM: How Users Relate to Documentation and Excess Features in Consumer Products},
author = {Alethea L. Blackler and Rafael Gomez and Vesna Popovic and Helen M. Thompson},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwu023},
doi = {10.1093/iwc/iwu023},
issn = {0953-5438},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2018-10-20},
journal = {Interacting with Computers},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {27–46},
abstract = {This paper addresses two common problems that users of various products and interfaces encounter—over-featured interfaces and product documentation. Over-featured interfaces are seen as a problem as they can confuse and over-complicate everyday interactions. Researchers also often claim that users do not read product documentation, although they are often exhorted to ‘RTFM’ (read the field manual). We conducted two sets of studies with users which looked at the issues of both manuals and excess features with common domestic and personal products. The quantitative set was a series of questionnaires administered to 170 people over 7 years. The qualitative set consisted of two 6-month longitudinal studies based on diaries and interviews with a total of 15 participants. We found that manuals are not read by the majority of people, and most do not use all the features of the products that they own and use regularly. Men are more likely to do both than women, and younger people are less likely to use manuals than middle-aged and older ones. More educated people are also less likely to read manuals. Over-featuring and being forced to consult manuals also appears to cause negative emotional experiences. Implications of these findings are discussed.},
keywords = {A, evaluation, features, Ig-Nobel-Preis, manuals, RTFM, Usability, user guides},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Garcia2013,
title = {Learning a Language for Free While Translating the Web. Does Duolingo Work?},
author = {Ignacio Garcia},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v3n1p19},
doi = {10.5539/ijel.v3n1p19},
issn = {1923-8703},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-25},
urldate = {2018-04-22},
journal = {International Journal of English Linguistics},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
publisher = {Canadian Center of Science and Education},
abstract = {Duolingo, a free online language learning site, has as its mission to help users to learn a language while simultaneously using their learning exercises to translate the web. Language is learned through translation with, according to developers, Duolingo being as effective as any of the leading language learning software. For translating the web, machine translation is not good enough and relying only on professional translators, far too expensive. Duolingo, we are told, offers a third way, with translation as a by-product of its language learning. Translation which will be, if as promised, almost as cheap as if done by machines and almost as good as if by professionals. Launched in June 2012, Duolingo boasts already at the time of writing 300,000 active language learners ready for the task. This article independently assesses the extent to which Duolingo, at its current stage of development, meets those expectations.},
keywords = {A, Duolingo, language learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{Vesslinov2012,
title = {Duolingo Effectiveness Study},
author = {Roumen Vesselinov and John Grego},
url = {http://static.duolingo.com/s3/DuolingoReport_Final.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-12-01},
urldate = {2018-04-22},
institution = {City University of New York and University of South Carolina},
organization = {Duolingo},
abstract = {The research study of Duolingo effectiveness was independently conducted in September-November of 2012. The study lasted for approximately eight weeks. A random representative sample was selected from Duolingo users who studied Spanish. The participants were at least 18 years of age, native speakers of English, not from Hispanic origin and not advanced users of Spanish, and all of the participants resided in the United States.

The participants took one college placement Spanish language test in the beginning of the study and one test at the end of the study. The test results were measured in points (the higher the better). The improvement of language abilities was measured as the difference between the final and the initial language test results. The effectiveness of Duolingo was measured as language improvement per one hour of study.},
keywords = {A, Duolingo, language learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{Frieze2012,
title = {Diversity or Difference? New Research Supports the Case for a Cultural Perspective on Women in Computing},
author = {Carol FriezeEmail and Jeria L. Quesenberry and Elizabeth Kemp and Anthony Velázquez},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9335-y
https://twitter.com/lauralindal/status/1098942462012338177 },
doi = {10.1007/s10956-011-9335-y},
issn = {1573-1839},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-09-08},
urldate = {2019-03-20},
journal = {Journal of Science Education and Technology},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {423–439},
publisher = {SpringerLink},
abstract = {Gender difference approaches to the participation of women in computing have not provided adequate explanations for women’s declining interest in computer science (CS) and related technical fields. Indeed, the search for gender differences can work against diversity which we define as a cross-gender spectrum of characteristics, interests, abilities, experiences, beliefs and identities. Our ongoing case studies at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) provide evidence to show that a focus on culture offers the most insightful and effective approach for investigating women’s participation in CS. In this paper, we illustrate this approach and show the significance of cultural factors by describing a new case study which examines the attitudes of CS majors at CMU. Our analysis found that most men and women felt comfortable in the school, believed they could be successful in the CS environment at CMU, and thought they fit in socially and academically. In brief, we did not see any evidence of a strong gender divide in student attitudes towards fitting in or feeling like they could be successful; indeed we found that the Women-CS fit remained strong from prior years. Hence, our research demonstrates that women, alongside their male peers, can fit successfully into a CS environment and help shape that environment and computing culture, for the benefit of everyone, without accommodating presumed gender differences or any compromises to academic integrity.},
keywords = {A, Computer science education, Culture, Diversity, Environment, Gender, Recruitment, Retention, Women, Women-CS fit},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Haidinger2008,
title = {Lernstrategien oder strategisches Lernen? Gender-abhängige Erfolgsstrategien im Medizinstudium an der Medizinischen Universität Wien},
author = {Gerald Haidinger and Lukas Mitterauer and Evelyne Rimroth and Oskar Frischenschlager},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/S00508-007-0923-Z
https://www.academia.edu/16252631/Lernstrategien_oder_strategisches_Lernen_Gender-abh%C3%A4ngige_Erfolgsstrategien_im_Medizinstudium_an_der_Medizinischen_Universit%C3%A4t_Wien?auto=download},
doi = {10.1007/s00508-007-0923-z},
issn = {1613-7671},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-11},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {120},
number = {1-2},
pages = {37–45},
abstract = {Ziel der Studie: Wir untersuchen die höheren Bestehensraten männlicher Studierender bei der summativ-integrativen Prüfung (SIP-1) am Ende des ersten Studienjahres des Medizinstudiums an der Medizinischen Universität Wien. Obwohl Schulleistungen (Mathematik, Chemie, Physik, Englisch) in allen unseren Untersuchungen als Erfolgsprädiktor bestätigt wurden und obwohl weibliche Studierende in diesen Fächern signifikant bessere Schulleistungen aufweisen, weisen weibliche Studierende geringere Erfolgsraten auf. Als Erklärung dafür nehmen wir geschlechtsspezifisch unterschiedliches und erfolgsrelevantes „strategisches Lernen“ an.

Methode: In einer prospektiven Studie an 726 Studierenden der Medizinischen Universität Wien wurde „strategisches Lernverhalten“ mit einem Fragebogen (45 Items) erhoben. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergibt 11 Faktoren, welche mit den Prüfungsergebnissen (bestanden/nicht bestanden) und dem Geschlecht in Beziehung gesetzt werden.

Ergebnisse: Acht der 11 Faktoren erwiesen sich als geschlechtsabhängig oder mit dem Prüfungserfolg verbunden, vier von diesen als sowohl geschlechtsabhängig als auch erfolgsrelevant („Erfolgssicherheit“, „laufend und viel mitlernen“, „hohe Lernkapazität“, „ängstlich/fleißig/strategielos“). Männliche Studierende zeigen eine deutlich strategischere Ausrichtung ihres Lernverhaltens. Interessant erscheint darüber hinaus, dass ein auf Verstehen ausgerichtetes Lernen für den Prüfungserfolg nicht relevant ist.

Schlussfolgerungen: Das Lernverhalten von Mädchen, das grosso modo in der Schule zu besseren Leistungen führt, erweist sich in der Situation der SIP-1 als nicht zielführend. Es wird zu überlegen sein, inwieweit auf Gender-bezogene Differenzen in der Planung von Curriculum und Prüfungswesen Bedacht genommen werden kann.},
keywords = {A, Gender, Geschlecht, learning strategies, Lernstrategien, medicine, Medizin, sex, strategic learning, strategisches Lernen, Studienerfolg, study success},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}